Silicon biogeochemistry in the open-ocean surface waters : insights from the Sargasso Sea and equatorial Pacific

• Main Author: Krause, Jeffrey W.
• Other Authors: Nelson, David M., Bottemley, Peter J., Cowles, Timothy J., Lomas, Michael W., Strutton, Peter G., College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University. Graduate School
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English; unknown
• Published: Oregon State University
• Subjects: Silicon cycle (Biogeochemistry) > Sargasso Sea; Diatoms > Pacific Ocean; Silica > Sargasso Sea; Diatoms > Sargasso Sea; Silicon cycle (Biogeochemistry) > Pacific Ocean; Silica > Pacific Ocean; Bering Sea; Southern Ocean
• Online Access: https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/r494vp33h

Diatoms are a ubiquitous group of plankton responsible for 20-40% of oceanic primary production, and a higher fraction of organic matter export to the ocean interior. Diatoms actively transport dissolved inorganic silicon into their cells, and through the process of silicification (i.e. biogenic silica production) they build tough and intricate shells, known as frustules. With a global distribution and the ability to persist in high numerical abundances, diatoms dominate the biological cycling of Si in the oceans. The biogeochemical cycling of Si has been well studied in the coastal ocean, specifically in upwelling regions where diatoms are generally the dominant phytoplankton group. However, much less is known about the role diatoms play in the open ocean; which comprises the vast majority of the oceanic surface area. Outside of the Southern Ocean, only 11 studies (prior to 2003) directly examined surface-water Si biogeochemistry in the open ocean. Current knowledge about Si biogeochemistry in the open ocean suffers from what can only be described as gross under-sampling. This dissertation reports on the surface-water Si biogeochemistry in two open-ocean regions: the northwestern Sargasso Sea and the eastern equatorial Pacific. The three research chapters are linked by the examination of spatial or temporal variability in surface-water Si biogeochemistry. Chapters 2 and 4 examine scales of temporal variability in Si biogeochemistry in the Sargasso Sea. The results demonstrate that biogenic silica concentrations, and presumably Si biogeochemical processes, vary on daily, seasonal, multi-year (e.g. ~3-4 years), and decadal time scales. In Chapter 3 data were gathered over a ~2.6x106 km2 area (i.e. larger than the Bering Sea) in the equatorial Pacific. Within that area biogenic silica production showed little spatial or temporal variability. Additionally, the estimated contribution to new production (productivity supporting the export of organic matter to the ocean interior) by diatoms in this region was 4-10 ...