The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide
Analysis of satellite ocean color, sea surface temperature, and sea ice cover data reveals consistent patterns between biological production, iron availability, and physical forcings in the Southern Ocean. The consistency of these patterns, in conjunction with information on physical conditions duri...
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ftoregonstate:ir.library.oregonstate.edu:kp78gj13k 2024-09-15T17:46:25+00:00 The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide Moore, J. Keith Abbott, Mark R. Richman, James G. Nelson, David M. https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/kp78gj13k English [eng] eng unknown American Geophysical Union https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/kp78gj13k Copyright Not Evaluated Article ftoregonstate 2024-07-22T18:06:04Z Analysis of satellite ocean color, sea surface temperature, and sea ice cover data reveals consistent patterns between biological production, iron availability, and physical forcings in the Southern Ocean. The consistency of these patterns, in conjunction with information on physical conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM), enables estimates of export production at the LGM. The LGM Southern Ocean experienced increased wind speeds, colder sea surface and atmospheric temperatures, increased deposition of atmospheric dust, and a greatly expanded winter sea ice cover. These variations had strong effects on Southern Ocean ecology and on air-sea fluxes of CO₂. The seasonal ice zone (SIZ) was much larger at the LGM (30 million km²) than at present (19 million km²). The Antarctic Polar Front (PF) likely marked the northern boundary of this expanded SIZ throughout the Southern Ocean, as it does today in the Drake Passage region. A large northward shift in the position of the PF during glacial times is unlikely due to topographic constraints. North of the PF, the increased flux of aeolian dust during glacial times altered phytoplankton species composition and increased export production, and as a result this region was a stronger sink for atmospheric CO₂ than in the modem ocean. South of the PF, interactions between the biota and sea ice strongly influence air-sea gas exchange over seasonal timescales. The combined influence of melting sea ice and increased aeolian dust flux (with its associated iron) increased both primary and export production by phytoplankton over daily-monthly timescales during austral spring/summer, resulting in a strong flux of CO₂ into the ocean. Heavy ice cover would have minimized air-sea gas exchange over much of the rest of the year. Thus, an increased net flux of CO₂ into the ocean is likely during glacial times, even in areas where annual primary production declined. We estimate that export production in the Southern Ocean as a whole was increased by 2.9 - 3.6 Gt C yr·1 at the LGM, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Sea ice Southern Ocean ScholarsArchive@OSU (Oregon State University) |
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English unknown |
description |
Analysis of satellite ocean color, sea surface temperature, and sea ice cover data reveals consistent patterns between biological production, iron availability, and physical forcings in the Southern Ocean. The consistency of these patterns, in conjunction with information on physical conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM), enables estimates of export production at the LGM. The LGM Southern Ocean experienced increased wind speeds, colder sea surface and atmospheric temperatures, increased deposition of atmospheric dust, and a greatly expanded winter sea ice cover. These variations had strong effects on Southern Ocean ecology and on air-sea fluxes of CO₂. The seasonal ice zone (SIZ) was much larger at the LGM (30 million km²) than at present (19 million km²). The Antarctic Polar Front (PF) likely marked the northern boundary of this expanded SIZ throughout the Southern Ocean, as it does today in the Drake Passage region. A large northward shift in the position of the PF during glacial times is unlikely due to topographic constraints. North of the PF, the increased flux of aeolian dust during glacial times altered phytoplankton species composition and increased export production, and as a result this region was a stronger sink for atmospheric CO₂ than in the modem ocean. South of the PF, interactions between the biota and sea ice strongly influence air-sea gas exchange over seasonal timescales. The combined influence of melting sea ice and increased aeolian dust flux (with its associated iron) increased both primary and export production by phytoplankton over daily-monthly timescales during austral spring/summer, resulting in a strong flux of CO₂ into the ocean. Heavy ice cover would have minimized air-sea gas exchange over much of the rest of the year. Thus, an increased net flux of CO₂ into the ocean is likely during glacial times, even in areas where annual primary production declined. We estimate that export production in the Southern Ocean as a whole was increased by 2.9 - 3.6 Gt C yr·1 at the LGM, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Moore, J. Keith Abbott, Mark R. Richman, James G. Nelson, David M. |
spellingShingle |
Moore, J. Keith Abbott, Mark R. Richman, James G. Nelson, David M. The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
author_facet |
Moore, J. Keith Abbott, Mark R. Richman, James G. Nelson, David M. |
author_sort |
Moore, J. Keith |
title |
The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
title_short |
The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
title_full |
The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
title_fullStr |
The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Southern Ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
title_sort |
southern ocean at the last glacial maximum : a strong sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
url |
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/kp78gj13k |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/kp78gj13k |
op_rights |
Copyright Not Evaluated |
_version_ |
1810494539675205632 |