Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models
peer reviewed The intensity and spectrum of light under Arctic sea ice, key to the energy budget and primary productivity of the Arctic Ocean, are tedious to observe. Earth System Models (ESMs) are instrumental in understanding the large-scale properties and impacts of under-ice light. To date, howe...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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John Wiley and Sons Inc
2023
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Online Access: | https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/302220 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/302220/1/JGR%20Oceans%20-%202023%20-%20Lebrun%20-%20Light%20Under%20Arctic%20Sea%20Ice%20in%20Observations%20and%20Earth%20System%20Models.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018161 |
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ftorbi:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/302220 2024-04-21T07:55:54+00:00 Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models Lebrun, Marion Vancoppenolle, Martin Madec, Gurvan Babin, Marcel Becu, Guislain Lourenço, Antonio Nomura, Daiki Vivier, Frederic Delille, Bruno FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège 2023-03 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/302220 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/302220/1/JGR%20Oceans%20-%202023%20-%20Lebrun%20-%20Light%20Under%20Arctic%20Sea%20Ice%20in%20Observations%20and%20Earth%20System%20Models.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018161 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JC018161 urn:issn:2169-9275 urn:issn:2169-9291 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/302220 info:hdl:2268/302220 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/302220/1/JGR%20Oceans%20-%202023%20-%20Lebrun%20-%20Light%20Under%20Arctic%20Sea%20Ice%20in%20Observations%20and%20Earth%20System%20Models.pdf doi:10.1029/2021JC018161 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85151078222 open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, 128 (3) (2023-03) modeling optics sea ice Oceanography Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article peer reviewed 2023 ftorbi https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018161 2024-03-27T14:57:58Z peer reviewed The intensity and spectrum of light under Arctic sea ice, key to the energy budget and primary productivity of the Arctic Ocean, are tedious to observe. Earth System Models (ESMs) are instrumental in understanding the large-scale properties and impacts of under-ice light. To date, however, ESM parameterizations of radiative transfer have been evaluated with a few observations only. From observational programs conducted over the past decade at four locations in the Northern Hemisphere sea ice zone, 349 observational records of under-ice light and coincident environmental characteristics were compiled. This data set was used to evaluate seven ESM parameterizations. Snow depth, melt pond presence and, to some extent, ice thickness explain the observed variance in light intensity, in agreement with previous work. The effects of Chlorophyll-a are also detected, with rather low intensity. The spectral distribution of under-ice light largely differs from typical open ocean spectra but weakly varies among the 349 records except for a weak effect of snow depth on the blue light contribution. Most parameterizations considered reproduce variations in under-ice light intensity. Large errors remain for individual records, on average by a factor of ∼3, however. Skill largely improves if more predictors are considered (snow and ponds in particular). Residual errors are attributed to missing physics in the parametrizations, inconsistencies in the model-observation comparison protocol, and measurement errors. We provide recommendations to improve the representation of light under sea ice in the ice-ocean model NEMO, which may also apply to other ESMs and help improve next-generation ESMs. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Ocean Sea ice University of Liège: ORBi (Open Repository and Bibliography) Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 128 3 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Liège: ORBi (Open Repository and Bibliography) |
op_collection_id |
ftorbi |
language |
English |
topic |
modeling optics sea ice Oceanography Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique |
spellingShingle |
modeling optics sea ice Oceanography Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique Lebrun, Marion Vancoppenolle, Martin Madec, Gurvan Babin, Marcel Becu, Guislain Lourenço, Antonio Nomura, Daiki Vivier, Frederic Delille, Bruno Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models |
topic_facet |
modeling optics sea ice Oceanography Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Space and Planetary Science Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique |
description |
peer reviewed The intensity and spectrum of light under Arctic sea ice, key to the energy budget and primary productivity of the Arctic Ocean, are tedious to observe. Earth System Models (ESMs) are instrumental in understanding the large-scale properties and impacts of under-ice light. To date, however, ESM parameterizations of radiative transfer have been evaluated with a few observations only. From observational programs conducted over the past decade at four locations in the Northern Hemisphere sea ice zone, 349 observational records of under-ice light and coincident environmental characteristics were compiled. This data set was used to evaluate seven ESM parameterizations. Snow depth, melt pond presence and, to some extent, ice thickness explain the observed variance in light intensity, in agreement with previous work. The effects of Chlorophyll-a are also detected, with rather low intensity. The spectral distribution of under-ice light largely differs from typical open ocean spectra but weakly varies among the 349 records except for a weak effect of snow depth on the blue light contribution. Most parameterizations considered reproduce variations in under-ice light intensity. Large errors remain for individual records, on average by a factor of ∼3, however. Skill largely improves if more predictors are considered (snow and ponds in particular). Residual errors are attributed to missing physics in the parametrizations, inconsistencies in the model-observation comparison protocol, and measurement errors. We provide recommendations to improve the representation of light under sea ice in the ice-ocean model NEMO, which may also apply to other ESMs and help improve next-generation ESMs. |
author2 |
FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lebrun, Marion Vancoppenolle, Martin Madec, Gurvan Babin, Marcel Becu, Guislain Lourenço, Antonio Nomura, Daiki Vivier, Frederic Delille, Bruno |
author_facet |
Lebrun, Marion Vancoppenolle, Martin Madec, Gurvan Babin, Marcel Becu, Guislain Lourenço, Antonio Nomura, Daiki Vivier, Frederic Delille, Bruno |
author_sort |
Lebrun, Marion |
title |
Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models |
title_short |
Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models |
title_full |
Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models |
title_fullStr |
Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Light Under Arctic Sea Ice in Observations and Earth System Models |
title_sort |
light under arctic sea ice in observations and earth system models |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/302220 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/302220/1/JGR%20Oceans%20-%202023%20-%20Lebrun%20-%20Light%20Under%20Arctic%20Sea%20Ice%20in%20Observations%20and%20Earth%20System%20Models.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018161 |
genre |
Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans, 128 (3) (2023-03) |
op_relation |
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2021JC018161 urn:issn:2169-9275 urn:issn:2169-9291 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/302220 info:hdl:2268/302220 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/302220/1/JGR%20Oceans%20-%202023%20-%20Lebrun%20-%20Light%20Under%20Arctic%20Sea%20Ice%20in%20Observations%20and%20Earth%20System%20Models.pdf doi:10.1029/2021JC018161 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85151078222 |
op_rights |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018161 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
128 |
container_issue |
3 |
_version_ |
1796938148785160192 |