A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018)
peer reviewed The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land.We use a coupled energy balance-subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to bot...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus GmbH
2019
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Online Access: | https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/301930 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/301930/1/VanPelt_TC_2019.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 |
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ftorbi:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/301930 2024-04-21T08:02:37+00:00 A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartłomiej Ove Hagen, Jon Schuler, Thomas V. Dunse, Thorben Noël, Brice Reijmer, Carleen 2019-09-03 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/301930 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/301930/1/VanPelt_TC_2019.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 en eng Copernicus GmbH https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/2259/2019/tc-13-2259-2019.pdf urn:issn:1994-0416 urn:issn:1994-0424 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/301930 info:hdl:2268/301930 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/301930/1/VanPelt_TC_2019.pdf doi:10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85072040121 open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess The Cryosphere, 13 (9), 2259 - 2280 (2019-09-03) Water Science and Technology Earth-Surface Processes Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article peer reviewed 2019 ftorbi https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 2024-03-27T14:58:15Z peer reviewed The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land.We use a coupled energy balance-subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to both glacier-covered and land areas in Svalbard. This generates a long-term (1957-2018) distributed dataset of climatic mass balance (CMB) for the glaciers, snow conditions, and runoff with a 1km-1km spatial and 3-hourly temporal resolution. Observational data including stake measurements, automatic weather station data, and subsurface data across Svalbard are used for model calibration and validation. We find a weakly positive mean net CMB (C0.09mw.e. a-1) over the simulation period, which only fractionally compensates for mass loss through calving. Pronounced warming and a small precipitation increase lead to a spatial-mean negative net CMB trend (-0.06mw.e. a-1 decade-1), and an increase in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by 17m decade-1, with the largest changes in southern and central Svalbard. The retreating ELA in turn causes firn air volume to decrease by 4% decade-1, which in combination with winter warming induces a substantial reduction of refreezing in both glacier-covered and land areas (average -4% decade-1). A combination of increased melt and reduced refreezing causes glacier runoff (average 34.3 Gt a-1) to double over the simulation period, while discharge from land (average 10.6 Gt a-1) remains nearly unchanged. As a result, the relative contribution of land runoff to total runoff drops from 30% to 20% during 1957-2018. Seasonal snow on land and in glacier ablation zones is found to arrive later in autumn (C1.4 d decade-1), while no significant changes occurred on the date of snow disappearance in spring-summer. Altogether, the output of the simulation provides an extensive dataset that may be of use in a wide range of applications ranging from runoff modelling to ecosystem studies. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Svalbard The Cryosphere University of Liège: ORBi (Open Repository and Bibliography) The Cryosphere 13 9 2259 2280 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Liège: ORBi (Open Repository and Bibliography) |
op_collection_id |
ftorbi |
language |
English |
topic |
Water Science and Technology Earth-Surface Processes Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique |
spellingShingle |
Water Science and Technology Earth-Surface Processes Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartłomiej Ove Hagen, Jon Schuler, Thomas V. Dunse, Thorben Noël, Brice Reijmer, Carleen A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
topic_facet |
Water Science and Technology Earth-Surface Processes Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique |
description |
peer reviewed The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land.We use a coupled energy balance-subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to both glacier-covered and land areas in Svalbard. This generates a long-term (1957-2018) distributed dataset of climatic mass balance (CMB) for the glaciers, snow conditions, and runoff with a 1km-1km spatial and 3-hourly temporal resolution. Observational data including stake measurements, automatic weather station data, and subsurface data across Svalbard are used for model calibration and validation. We find a weakly positive mean net CMB (C0.09mw.e. a-1) over the simulation period, which only fractionally compensates for mass loss through calving. Pronounced warming and a small precipitation increase lead to a spatial-mean negative net CMB trend (-0.06mw.e. a-1 decade-1), and an increase in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by 17m decade-1, with the largest changes in southern and central Svalbard. The retreating ELA in turn causes firn air volume to decrease by 4% decade-1, which in combination with winter warming induces a substantial reduction of refreezing in both glacier-covered and land areas (average -4% decade-1). A combination of increased melt and reduced refreezing causes glacier runoff (average 34.3 Gt a-1) to double over the simulation period, while discharge from land (average 10.6 Gt a-1) remains nearly unchanged. As a result, the relative contribution of land runoff to total runoff drops from 30% to 20% during 1957-2018. Seasonal snow on land and in glacier ablation zones is found to arrive later in autumn (C1.4 d decade-1), while no significant changes occurred on the date of snow disappearance in spring-summer. Altogether, the output of the simulation provides an extensive dataset that may be of use in a wide range of applications ranging from runoff modelling to ecosystem studies. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartłomiej Ove Hagen, Jon Schuler, Thomas V. Dunse, Thorben Noël, Brice Reijmer, Carleen |
author_facet |
Van Pelt, Ward Pohjola, Veijo Pettersson, Rickard Marchenko, Sergey Kohler, Jack Luks, Bartłomiej Ove Hagen, Jon Schuler, Thomas V. Dunse, Thorben Noël, Brice Reijmer, Carleen |
author_sort |
Van Pelt, Ward |
title |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_short |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_full |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_fullStr |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_full_unstemmed |
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in Svalbard (1957-2018) |
title_sort |
long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions, and runoff in svalbard (1957-2018) |
publisher |
Copernicus GmbH |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/301930 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/301930/1/VanPelt_TC_2019.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 |
genre |
glacier Svalbard The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
glacier Svalbard The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, 13 (9), 2259 - 2280 (2019-09-03) |
op_relation |
https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/2259/2019/tc-13-2259-2019.pdf urn:issn:1994-0416 urn:issn:1994-0424 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/301930 info:hdl:2268/301930 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/301930/1/VanPelt_TC_2019.pdf doi:10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 scopus-id:2-s2.0-85072040121 |
op_rights |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2259-2019 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2259 |
op_container_end_page |
2280 |
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1796942764157435904 |