Microlitter in arctic marine benthic food chains and potential effects on sediment dwelling fauna

• Main Authors: Granberg, Maria, von Friesen, Lisa, Ask, Amalie, Collard, France, Magnusson, Kerstin, Eriksson Wiklund, Ann-Kristin, Murphy, Fionn, Strand, Jakob, Gabrielsen, Geir W., Bach, Lis
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Plastic pollution; Invertebrates; Amphipod; Svalbard; Arctic; Sediment; Greenland; Microlitter; Microplastic; Life sciences; Environmental sciences & ecology; Sciences du vivant; Sciences de l’environnement & écologie; Arctic amphipod; Longyearbyen; Ny Ålesund; Ny-Ålesund; Sisimiut
• Online Access: https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/295865

Marine litter pollution affects oceans globally and has today also made its way to the pristine arctic environment adding to local marine litter pollution sources. Marine litter pollution is recognized as a serious threat to the marine environment at all levels, from the UN to regional (EU, OSPAR, HELCOM) and national authorities. The risk posed by microlitter to marine biota is related to their documented ubiquity and long residence time in marine ecosystems. Risks are also mediated by intrinsic toxicity of added chemicals and potential adsorbance of other pollutants. When released into the marine environment, a major part of microlitter likely accumulate in beach sand and marine sediments either immediately or after acquiring a biofilm. It is therefore expected that benthic food chains will be key to understanding fate and effects (i.e. concentrations, potential trophic transfer and biological impact) of microlitter in the marine environment. The overall aim of the project was to determine abundance of microlitter pollution in marine sediments and benthic food chains in the Arctic, and to evaluate the abundance in relation to potential local sources and background levels. The aim was also to investigate potential effects of microplastic pollution on benthic organisms through laboratory studies using an arctic amphipod as a model organism. The field investigations in Svalbard, Norway and Greenland focused on determining microlitter particle concentrations and characteristics in marine sediments and biota collected close to and far from potential local pollution sources and pathways, i.e. outlets of untreated wastewater and effluents from a dumping site in Sisimiut, West Greenland and outlets of treated (Ny-Ålesund) and untreated (Longyearbyen) wastewater in Svalbard. Overall, higher concentrations and a higher diversity of microlitter types and polymers were found in sediments and organisms (blue mussels and cod) closer to human settlements (wastewater outlets and dumping sites) and in places where lost and/or ...