What is the menu today in a subantarctic kelp food web from the Kerguelen Islands? Phytodetritus, phytoplankton and phytobenthos; not living kelp

• Published in: Marine Biology
• Main Authors: Le Bourg, Baptiste, Saucède, Thomas, Charpentier, Anouk, Lepoint, Gilles, Michel, Loïc
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 2022
• Subjects: Benthic communities; Food web; Kelp forests; Mixing models; Stable isotopes; Ecology; Evolution; Behavior and Systematics; Aquatic Science; Life sciences; Aquatic sciences & oceanology; Environmental sciences & ecology; Zoology; Sciences du vivant; Sciences aquatiques & océanologie; Sciences de l’environnement & écologie; Zoologie; Kerguelen Islands; Southern Ocean
• Online Access: https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/294887; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04105-z

peer reviewed Kelp forests dominated by Macrocystis pyrifera are widely distributed in coastal waters from boreal, temperate and subantarctic regions. This widespread distribution may result in regional differences in food web structure and functioning. In temperate northern regions, where most studies on kelp forest benthic food webs have been conducted, kelp grazing is a well-documented phenomenon and can lead to the overgrazing of M. pyrifera by sea urchins when their predators (e.g., sea otters) are absent. In contrast, little is known about their counterparts in subantarctic areas. The present study aimed to reconstruct the benthic food web of a kelp forest dominated by M. pyrifera in a subantarctic environment using stable isotope analysis. Stable carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulfur (δ34S) isotope ratios were measured from food sources (macrophytobenthos, suspended particulate organic matter SPOM, and sediment) and consumers (sponges, bivalves, gastropods, sedentary and mobile polychaetes, arthropods and echinoderms) which were sampled in a kelp forest of the Kerguelen archipelago. Mixing models highlighted two interconnected trophic pathways which were either supported by SPOM and resuspended macrophytobenthos detritus (bentho-pelagic), or by live micro/macrophytobenthos (phytobenthos-based). No major prey were highlighted for several consumers, indicating the existence of potential supplementary trophic pathways. No consumer relying primarily on living M. pyrifera was highlighted by the mixing models. The investigated kelp forest is hence a complex ecosystem supporting multiple trophic pathways, and direct consumption of M. pyrifera is limited. Nonetheless, M. pyrifera and other macrophytobenthos species may constitute a pool of detritus supporting several trophic pathways. Effects of global change on the marine benthos and habitats in Kerguelen Islands (PROTEKER) Refugia and Ecosystem Tolerance in the Southern Ocean (RECTO project)