Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages
peer reviewed This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Online Access: | https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/201069 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/201069/1/Janssens%20et%20al%202016.pdf https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 |
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ftorbi:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/201069 2024-04-21T07:52:03+00:00 Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages Janssens, Julie Meiners, Klaus M. Tison, Jean-Louis Dieckmann, Gerhard Delille, Bruno Lannuzel, Delphine FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège 2016-08-18 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/201069 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/201069/1/Janssens%20et%20al%202016.pdf https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 en eng BioOne https://www.elementascience.org/articles/123?#.V7rciFcqklw.mendeley urn:issn:2325-1026 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/201069 info:hdl:2268/201069 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/201069/1/Janssens%20et%20al%202016.pdf doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 scopus-id:2-s2.0-84986316050 open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 4 (1), 000123 (2016-08-18) Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:eu-repo/semantics/article peer reviewed 2016 ftorbi https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 2024-03-27T14:59:50Z peer reviewed This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to the enrichment of Fe in sea ice have yet to be investigated and quantified. We conducted two in situ sea-ice growth experiments during a winter cruise in the Weddell Sea. Our aim was to improve the understanding of the processes responsible for the accumulation of dissolved Fe (DFe) and particulate Fe (PFe) in sea ice, and of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances, inorganic macro-nutrients (silicic acid, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate and ammonium), chlorophyll a and bacteria. Enrichment indices, calculated for natural young ice and ice newly formed in situ, indicate that during Antarctic winter all of the measured forms of particulate matter were enriched in sea ice compared to underlying seawater, and that enrichment started from the initial stages of sea-ice formation. Some dissolved material (DFe and ammonium) was also enriched in the ice but at lower enrichment indices than the particulate phase, suggesting that size is a key factor for the incorporation of impurities in sea ice. Low chlorophyll a concentrations and the fit of the macro-nutrients (with the exception of ammonium) with their theoretical dilution lines indicated low biological activity in the ice. From these and additional results we conclude that physical processes are the dominant mechanisms leading to the enrichment of DFe, PFe, organic matter and bacteria in young sea ice, and that PFe and DFe are decoupled during sea-ice formation. Our study thus provides unique quantitative insight into the initial incorporation of impurities, in particular DFe and PFe, into Antarctic sea ice. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea University of Liège: ORBi (Open Repository and Bibliography) Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 4 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Liège: ORBi (Open Repository and Bibliography) |
op_collection_id |
ftorbi |
language |
English |
topic |
Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique |
spellingShingle |
Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique Janssens, Julie Meiners, Klaus M. Tison, Jean-Louis Dieckmann, Gerhard Delille, Bruno Lannuzel, Delphine Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
topic_facet |
Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences Earth sciences & physical geography Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre Sciences de la terre & géographie physique |
description |
peer reviewed This study reports concentrations of iron (Fe) and organic matter in young Antarctic pack ice and during its initial growth stages in situ. Although the importance of sea ice as an Fe reservoir for oceanic waters of the Southern Ocean has been clearly established, the processes leading to the enrichment of Fe in sea ice have yet to be investigated and quantified. We conducted two in situ sea-ice growth experiments during a winter cruise in the Weddell Sea. Our aim was to improve the understanding of the processes responsible for the accumulation of dissolved Fe (DFe) and particulate Fe (PFe) in sea ice, and of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances, inorganic macro-nutrients (silicic acid, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate and ammonium), chlorophyll a and bacteria. Enrichment indices, calculated for natural young ice and ice newly formed in situ, indicate that during Antarctic winter all of the measured forms of particulate matter were enriched in sea ice compared to underlying seawater, and that enrichment started from the initial stages of sea-ice formation. Some dissolved material (DFe and ammonium) was also enriched in the ice but at lower enrichment indices than the particulate phase, suggesting that size is a key factor for the incorporation of impurities in sea ice. Low chlorophyll a concentrations and the fit of the macro-nutrients (with the exception of ammonium) with their theoretical dilution lines indicated low biological activity in the ice. From these and additional results we conclude that physical processes are the dominant mechanisms leading to the enrichment of DFe, PFe, organic matter and bacteria in young sea ice, and that PFe and DFe are decoupled during sea-ice formation. Our study thus provides unique quantitative insight into the initial incorporation of impurities, in particular DFe and PFe, into Antarctic sea ice. |
author2 |
FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Janssens, Julie Meiners, Klaus M. Tison, Jean-Louis Dieckmann, Gerhard Delille, Bruno Lannuzel, Delphine |
author_facet |
Janssens, Julie Meiners, Klaus M. Tison, Jean-Louis Dieckmann, Gerhard Delille, Bruno Lannuzel, Delphine |
author_sort |
Janssens, Julie |
title |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_short |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_full |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_fullStr |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_full_unstemmed |
Incorporation of iron and organic matter into young Antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
title_sort |
incorporation of iron and organic matter into young antarctic sea ice during its initial growth stages |
publisher |
BioOne |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/201069 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/201069/1/Janssens%20et%20al%202016.pdf https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 4 (1), 000123 (2016-08-18) |
op_relation |
https://www.elementascience.org/articles/123?#.V7rciFcqklw.mendeley urn:issn:2325-1026 https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/201069 info:hdl:2268/201069 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/201069/1/Janssens%20et%20al%202016.pdf doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 scopus-id:2-s2.0-84986316050 |
op_rights |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000123 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
4 |
_version_ |
1796935313418878976 |