Modeling of the surface mass balance in Svalbard with the regional climate model MAR over 1958-2010

• Main Author: Lang, Charlotte
• Other Authors: Fettweis, Xavier
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: ULiège - Université de Liège 2011
• Subjects: Svalbard; regional climate model; Surface mass balance; Physical; chemical; mathematical & earth Sciences; Earth sciences & physical geography; Physique; chimie; mathématiques & sciences de la terre; Sciences de la terre & géographie physique; Greenland; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/158867; https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/158867/1/charlotte_lang_climato.pdf

It is well known that high latitude zones are very sensitive to climate change. As a result of global warming, ice sheet melting has increased which in turn has an influence on climate through modifications of the thermohaline circulation, feedback of ice albedo, sea level rise,. . . Svalbard is an archipelago located between 74 and 81 ◦lat N and 60 percent of its area (62 248 km2 ) is covered with glaciers and ice sheets. The impact of global warming on the Svalbard cryosphere can be estimated with climate models. However, we need to use regional climate models as they offer the possibility of a higher resolution than general circulation models. We have carried out a simulation of the Svalbard climate over the last 50 years (from 1958 to 2010) with the regional climate MAR model (tuned for the Greenland ice sheet) at a 10 km resolution forced with the ECMWF reanalysis. As validation, the modeled climate has been compared to near surface measurements at several weather stations through the archipelago. The results show a large interannual variability of the surface mass balance over Svalbard along with an increasing melting. The increase in temperature is responsible for the melting rate and the interannual variability is due to the variations of the mean summer temperature.