Hekla Volcano, Iceland, in the 20th Century: Lava Volumes, Production Rates, and Effusion Rates

• Published in: Geophysical Research Letters
• Main Authors: Pedersen, Gro, Belart, Joaquín M. C., Magnússon, Eyjólfur, Vilmundardóttir, Olga Kolbrún, Kizel, Fadi, Sigurmundsson, Friðþór Sófus, Gísladóttir, Guðrún, Benediktsson, Jon Atli
• Other Authors: Jarðvísindastofnun (HÍ), Institute of Earth Sciences (UI), Líf- og umhverfisvísindastofnun (HÍ), Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences (UI), Rafmagns- og tölvuverkfræðideild (HÍ), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2018
• Subjects: Lava volumes; Production rates; Effusion rates; Stereo photogrammetry; High‐resolution digital elevation models; Hekla; Eldfjöll; Hraun; Eldgos; Hraunrennsli; Loftmyndir; Kortagerð; Fjarkönnun; Iceland
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/967; https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076887

Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Lava flow thicknesses, volumes, and effusion rates provide essential information for understanding the behavior of eruptions and their associated deformation signals. Preeruption and posteruption elevation models were generated from historical stereo photographs to produce the lava flow thickness maps for the last five eruptions at Hekla volcano, Iceland. These results provide precise estimation of lava bulk volumes: V1947–1948 = 0.742 ± 0.138 km3, V1970 = 0.205 ± 0.012 km3, V1980–1981 = 0.169 ± 0.016 km3, V1991 = 0.241 ± 0.019 km3, and V2000 = 0.095 ± 0.005 km3 and reveal variable production rate through the 20th century. These new volumes improve the linear correlation between erupted volume and coeruption tilt change, indicating that tilt may be used to determine eruption volume. During eruptions the active vents migrate 325–480 m downhill, suggesting rough excess pressures of 8–12 MPa and that the gradient of this excess pressure increases from 0.4 to 11 Pa s−1 during the 20th century. We suggest that this is related to increased resistance along the eruptive conduit. Icelandic Research Fund. Grant Number: 152266‐052 Peer Reviewed