Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling
The considerable effects that wind can have on estimates of mass eruption rates (MERs) in explosive eruptions based on volcanic plume height are well known but difficult to quantify rigorously. Many explicitly wind-affected plume models have the additional difficulty that they require the use of cen...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2023
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/3899 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037781 |
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ftopinvisindi:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/3899 2024-09-15T18:05:24+00:00 Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling Dürig, Tobias Guðmundsson, Magnús T. Dioguardi, Fabio Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ) Science Institute (UI) Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland 2023-01-13 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/3899 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037781 en eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres;128(2) 2169-897X 2169-8996 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/3899 Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres doi:10.1029/2022JD037781 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geophysics ash plumes wind entrainment Loftslagsfræði Jarðeðlisfræði Gosmökkur info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2023 ftopinvisindi https://doi.org/20.500.11815/389910.1029/2022JD037781 2024-07-09T03:01:57Z The considerable effects that wind can have on estimates of mass eruption rates (MERs) in explosive eruptions based on volcanic plume height are well known but difficult to quantify rigorously. Many explicitly wind-affected plume models have the additional difficulty that they require the use of centerline heights of bent-over plumes, a parameter not easily obtained directly from observational data. We tested two such models by using the time series of varying plume heights and windspeeds of the 2010 eruption. The mapped fallout and photos taken during this eruption allow us to estimate the plume geometry and to empirically constrain input parameters for the two models tested. Two strategies are presented to correct the difference in maximum plume height and centerline height: (a) based on plume radius, and (b) by using the plume type parameter Π, which quantifies the relative influence of buoyancy and cross-wind on the plume dynamics, to discriminate weak, intermediate and strong plumes. The results indicate that it may be more appropriate to classify plumes as either wind-dominated, intermediate or buoyancy-dominated, where the relative effects of both wind and MER define the type. The analysis of the Eyjafjallajökull data shows that the MER estimates from both models are considerably improved when a plume-type dependent centerline-correction is applied. For one model, we varied the wind entrainment coefficient β. For this particular eruption, we find that the best value for β lies between 0.28 and 0.36, unlike previous suggestions that set this parameter to 0.50. Icelandic Research Fund. Grant number:206527-051 Pre-print (óritrýnt handrit) Article in Journal/Newspaper Eyjafjallajökull Opin vísindi (Iceland) Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128 2 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Opin vísindi (Iceland) |
op_collection_id |
ftopinvisindi |
language |
English |
topic |
Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geophysics ash plumes wind entrainment Loftslagsfræði Jarðeðlisfræði Gosmökkur |
spellingShingle |
Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geophysics ash plumes wind entrainment Loftslagsfræði Jarðeðlisfræði Gosmökkur Dürig, Tobias Guðmundsson, Magnús T. Dioguardi, Fabio Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling |
topic_facet |
Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Geophysics ash plumes wind entrainment Loftslagsfræði Jarðeðlisfræði Gosmökkur |
description |
The considerable effects that wind can have on estimates of mass eruption rates (MERs) in explosive eruptions based on volcanic plume height are well known but difficult to quantify rigorously. Many explicitly wind-affected plume models have the additional difficulty that they require the use of centerline heights of bent-over plumes, a parameter not easily obtained directly from observational data. We tested two such models by using the time series of varying plume heights and windspeeds of the 2010 eruption. The mapped fallout and photos taken during this eruption allow us to estimate the plume geometry and to empirically constrain input parameters for the two models tested. Two strategies are presented to correct the difference in maximum plume height and centerline height: (a) based on plume radius, and (b) by using the plume type parameter Π, which quantifies the relative influence of buoyancy and cross-wind on the plume dynamics, to discriminate weak, intermediate and strong plumes. The results indicate that it may be more appropriate to classify plumes as either wind-dominated, intermediate or buoyancy-dominated, where the relative effects of both wind and MER define the type. The analysis of the Eyjafjallajökull data shows that the MER estimates from both models are considerably improved when a plume-type dependent centerline-correction is applied. For one model, we varied the wind entrainment coefficient β. For this particular eruption, we find that the best value for β lies between 0.28 and 0.36, unlike previous suggestions that set this parameter to 0.50. Icelandic Research Fund. Grant number:206527-051 Pre-print (óritrýnt handrit) |
author2 |
Raunvísindastofnun (HÍ) Science Institute (UI) Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dürig, Tobias Guðmundsson, Magnús T. Dioguardi, Fabio Schmidt, Louise Steffensen |
author_facet |
Dürig, Tobias Guðmundsson, Magnús T. Dioguardi, Fabio Schmidt, Louise Steffensen |
author_sort |
Dürig, Tobias |
title |
Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling |
title_short |
Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling |
title_full |
Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling |
title_fullStr |
Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantifying the Effect of Wind on Volcanic Plumes: Implications for Plume Modeling |
title_sort |
quantifying the effect of wind on volcanic plumes: implications for plume modeling |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/3899 https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037781 |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull |
op_relation |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres;128(2) 2169-897X 2169-8996 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/3899 Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres doi:10.1029/2022JD037781 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11815/389910.1029/2022JD037781 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
128 |
container_issue |
2 |
_version_ |
1810442949132025856 |