High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research
Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Vegetation change has consequences for terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning and may involve climate feedbacks. Hence, when monitoring ecosystem states and changes thereof, the vegetation is often a primary monitoring target. Here, we summarize curr...
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Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2411 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
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ftopinvisindi:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/2411 2023-05-15T14:26:30+02:00 High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva M. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ø. Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland 2020-01-18 666-677 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2411 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x en eng Springer Science and Business Media LLC Ambio;49(3) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x Ravolainen, V., Soininen, E.M., Jónsdóttir, I.S. et al. High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research. Ambio 49, 666–677 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x 0044-7447 1654-7209 (eISSN) https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2411 Ambio doi:10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Arctic tundra Climate change Ecological monitoring Ecosystem state Press driver Pulse driver Túndrur Loftslagsbreytingar Vistkerfi info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2020 ftopinvisindi https://doi.org/20.500.11815/2411 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x 2022-11-18T06:52:06Z Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Vegetation change has consequences for terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning and may involve climate feedbacks. Hence, when monitoring ecosystem states and changes thereof, the vegetation is often a primary monitoring target. Here, we summarize current understanding of vegetation change in the High Arctic—the World’s most rapidly warming region—in the context of ecosystem monitoring. To foster development of deployable monitoring strategies, we categorize different kinds of drivers (disturbances or stresses) of vegetation change either as pulse (i.e. drivers that occur as sudden and short events, though their effects may be long lasting) or press (i.e. drivers where change in conditions remains in place for a prolonged period, or slowly increases in pressure). To account for the great heterogeneity in vegetation responses to climate change and other drivers, we stress the need for increased use of ecosystem-specific conceptual models to guide monitoring and ecological studies in the Arctic. We discuss a conceptual model with three hypothesized alternative vegetation states characterized by mosses, herbaceous plants, and bare ground patches, respectively. We use moss-graminoid tundra of Svalbard as a case study to discuss the documented and potential impacts of different drivers on the possible transitions between those states. Our current understanding points to likely additive effects of herbivores and a warming climate, driving this ecosystem from a moss-dominated state with cool soils, shallow active layer and slow nutrient cycling to an ecosystem with warmer soil, deeper permafrost thaw, and faster nutrient cycling. Herbaceous-dominated vegetation and (patchy) bare ground would present two states in response to those drivers. Conceptual models are an operational tool to focus monitoring efforts towards management needs and identify the most pressing scientific questions. We promote greater use of conceptual models in conjunction with a state-and-transition ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Climate change permafrost Svalbard Tundra Opin vísindi (Iceland) Arctic Svalbard Ambio 49 3 666 677 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Opin vísindi (Iceland) |
op_collection_id |
ftopinvisindi |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic tundra Climate change Ecological monitoring Ecosystem state Press driver Pulse driver Túndrur Loftslagsbreytingar Vistkerfi |
spellingShingle |
Arctic tundra Climate change Ecological monitoring Ecosystem state Press driver Pulse driver Túndrur Loftslagsbreytingar Vistkerfi Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva M. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ø. High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
topic_facet |
Arctic tundra Climate change Ecological monitoring Ecosystem state Press driver Pulse driver Túndrur Loftslagsbreytingar Vistkerfi |
description |
Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Vegetation change has consequences for terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning and may involve climate feedbacks. Hence, when monitoring ecosystem states and changes thereof, the vegetation is often a primary monitoring target. Here, we summarize current understanding of vegetation change in the High Arctic—the World’s most rapidly warming region—in the context of ecosystem monitoring. To foster development of deployable monitoring strategies, we categorize different kinds of drivers (disturbances or stresses) of vegetation change either as pulse (i.e. drivers that occur as sudden and short events, though their effects may be long lasting) or press (i.e. drivers where change in conditions remains in place for a prolonged period, or slowly increases in pressure). To account for the great heterogeneity in vegetation responses to climate change and other drivers, we stress the need for increased use of ecosystem-specific conceptual models to guide monitoring and ecological studies in the Arctic. We discuss a conceptual model with three hypothesized alternative vegetation states characterized by mosses, herbaceous plants, and bare ground patches, respectively. We use moss-graminoid tundra of Svalbard as a case study to discuss the documented and potential impacts of different drivers on the possible transitions between those states. Our current understanding points to likely additive effects of herbivores and a warming climate, driving this ecosystem from a moss-dominated state with cool soils, shallow active layer and slow nutrient cycling to an ecosystem with warmer soil, deeper permafrost thaw, and faster nutrient cycling. Herbaceous-dominated vegetation and (patchy) bare ground would present two states in response to those drivers. Conceptual models are an operational tool to focus monitoring efforts towards management needs and identify the most pressing scientific questions. We promote greater use of conceptual models in conjunction with a state-and-transition ... |
author2 |
Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ) School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva M. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ø. |
author_facet |
Ravolainen, Virve Soininen, Eeva M. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Eischeid, Isabell Forchhammer, Mads van der Wal, René Pedersen, Åshild Ø. |
author_sort |
Ravolainen, Virve |
title |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_short |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_full |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_fullStr |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_full_unstemmed |
High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
title_sort |
high arctic ecosystem states: conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research |
publisher |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2411 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Climate change permafrost Svalbard Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Climate change permafrost Svalbard Tundra |
op_relation |
Ambio;49(3) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x Ravolainen, V., Soininen, E.M., Jónsdóttir, I.S. et al. High Arctic ecosystem states: Conceptual models of vegetation change to guide long-term monitoring and research. Ambio 49, 666–677 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x 0044-7447 1654-7209 (eISSN) https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/2411 Ambio doi:10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11815/2411 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01310-x |
container_title |
Ambio |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
666 |
op_container_end_page |
677 |
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1766299088686415872 |