Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea
Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Genomes are dynamic biological units, with processes of gene duplication and loss triggering evolutionary novelty. The mammalian skin provides a remarkable case study on the occurrence of adaptive morphological innovations. Skin sebaceous glands (SGs), for in...
Published in: | Molecular Biology and Evolution |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press (OUP)
2019
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1732 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 |
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ftopinvisindi:oai:opinvisindi.is:20.500.11815/1732 2023-05-15T15:37:15+02:00 Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea Lopes-Marques, Mónica Machado, André M Alves, Luís Q Fonseca, Miguel M Barbosa, Susana Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S Rasmussen, Marianne Iversen, Maria Refsgaard Frost Bertelsen, Mads Campos, Paula F da Fonseca, Rute Ruivo, Raquel Castro, L Filipe C Rannsóknasetur á Húsavík (HÍ) Research Centre in Húsavík (HÍ) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland 2019-03-20 1270-1280 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1732 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) Molecular Biology and Evolution;36(6) http://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/36/6/1270/29960012/msz068.pdf Mónica Lopes-Marques, André M Machado, Luís Q Alves, Miguel M Fonseca, Susana Barbosa, Mikkel-Holger S Sinding, Marianne Helene Rasmussen, Maria Refsgaard Iversen, Mads Frost Bertelsen, Paula F Campos, Rute da Fonseca, Raquel Ruivo, L Filipe C Castro, Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 36, Issue 6, June 2019, Pages 1270–1280, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 0737-4038 1537-1719 (eISSN) https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1732 Molecular Biology and Evolution doi:10.1093/molbev/msz068 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Comparative genomics Gene loss Marine mammals Skin lipids Genamengi DNA-rannsóknir Sjávarspendýr Fituefni info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2019 ftopinvisindi https://doi.org/20.500.11815/1732 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 2022-11-18T06:51:54Z Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Genomes are dynamic biological units, with processes of gene duplication and loss triggering evolutionary novelty. The mammalian skin provides a remarkable case study on the occurrence of adaptive morphological innovations. Skin sebaceous glands (SGs), for instance, emerged in the ancestor of mammals serving pivotal roles, such as lubrication, waterproofing, immunity, and thermoregulation, through the secretion of sebum, a complex mixture of various neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, wax esters, cholesterol, and squalene. Remarkably, SGs are absent in a few mammalian lineages, including the iconic Cetacea. We investigated the evolution of the key molecular components responsible for skin sebum production: Dgat2l6, Awat1, Awat2, Elovl3, Mogat3, and Fabp9. We show that all analyzed genes have been rendered nonfunctional in Cetacea species (toothed and baleen whales). Transcriptomic analysis, including a novel skin transcriptome from blue whale, supports gene inactivation. The conserved mutational pattern found in most analyzed genes, indicates that pseudogenization events took place prior to the diversification of modern Cetacea lineages. Genome and skin transcriptome analysis of the common hippopotamus highlighted the convergent loss of a subset of sebum-producing genes, notably Awat1 and Mogat3. Partial loss profiles were also detected in non-Cetacea aquatic mammals, such as the Florida manatee, and in terrestrial mammals displaying specialized skin phenotypes such as the African elephant, white rhinoceros and pig. Our findings reveal a unique landscape of “gene vestiges” in the Cetacea sebum-producing compartment, with limited gene loss observed in other mammalian lineages: suggestive of specific adaptations or specializations of skin lipids. This work was supported by Project No. 031342 cofinanced by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, and by Fundac¸a~o para a Cie^ncia e a Tecnologia through national funds. R.R.F. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper baleen whales Blue whale Opin vísindi (Iceland) Molecular Biology and Evolution 36 6 1270 1280 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Opin vísindi (Iceland) |
op_collection_id |
ftopinvisindi |
language |
English |
topic |
Comparative genomics Gene loss Marine mammals Skin lipids Genamengi DNA-rannsóknir Sjávarspendýr Fituefni |
spellingShingle |
Comparative genomics Gene loss Marine mammals Skin lipids Genamengi DNA-rannsóknir Sjávarspendýr Fituefni Lopes-Marques, Mónica Machado, André M Alves, Luís Q Fonseca, Miguel M Barbosa, Susana Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S Rasmussen, Marianne Iversen, Maria Refsgaard Frost Bertelsen, Mads Campos, Paula F da Fonseca, Rute Ruivo, Raquel Castro, L Filipe C Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea |
topic_facet |
Comparative genomics Gene loss Marine mammals Skin lipids Genamengi DNA-rannsóknir Sjávarspendýr Fituefni |
description |
Publisher's version (útgefin grein) Genomes are dynamic biological units, with processes of gene duplication and loss triggering evolutionary novelty. The mammalian skin provides a remarkable case study on the occurrence of adaptive morphological innovations. Skin sebaceous glands (SGs), for instance, emerged in the ancestor of mammals serving pivotal roles, such as lubrication, waterproofing, immunity, and thermoregulation, through the secretion of sebum, a complex mixture of various neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, wax esters, cholesterol, and squalene. Remarkably, SGs are absent in a few mammalian lineages, including the iconic Cetacea. We investigated the evolution of the key molecular components responsible for skin sebum production: Dgat2l6, Awat1, Awat2, Elovl3, Mogat3, and Fabp9. We show that all analyzed genes have been rendered nonfunctional in Cetacea species (toothed and baleen whales). Transcriptomic analysis, including a novel skin transcriptome from blue whale, supports gene inactivation. The conserved mutational pattern found in most analyzed genes, indicates that pseudogenization events took place prior to the diversification of modern Cetacea lineages. Genome and skin transcriptome analysis of the common hippopotamus highlighted the convergent loss of a subset of sebum-producing genes, notably Awat1 and Mogat3. Partial loss profiles were also detected in non-Cetacea aquatic mammals, such as the Florida manatee, and in terrestrial mammals displaying specialized skin phenotypes such as the African elephant, white rhinoceros and pig. Our findings reveal a unique landscape of “gene vestiges” in the Cetacea sebum-producing compartment, with limited gene loss observed in other mammalian lineages: suggestive of specific adaptations or specializations of skin lipids. This work was supported by Project No. 031342 cofinanced by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF, and by Fundac¸a~o para a Cie^ncia e a Tecnologia through national funds. R.R.F. ... |
author2 |
Rannsóknasetur á Húsavík (HÍ) Research Centre in Húsavík (HÍ) Háskóli Íslands University of Iceland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lopes-Marques, Mónica Machado, André M Alves, Luís Q Fonseca, Miguel M Barbosa, Susana Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S Rasmussen, Marianne Iversen, Maria Refsgaard Frost Bertelsen, Mads Campos, Paula F da Fonseca, Rute Ruivo, Raquel Castro, L Filipe C |
author_facet |
Lopes-Marques, Mónica Machado, André M Alves, Luís Q Fonseca, Miguel M Barbosa, Susana Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S Rasmussen, Marianne Iversen, Maria Refsgaard Frost Bertelsen, Mads Campos, Paula F da Fonseca, Rute Ruivo, Raquel Castro, L Filipe C |
author_sort |
Lopes-Marques, Mónica |
title |
Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea |
title_short |
Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea |
title_full |
Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea |
title_fullStr |
Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea |
title_sort |
complete inactivation of sebum-producing genes parallels the loss of sebaceous glands in cetacea |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1732 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 |
genre |
baleen whales Blue whale |
genre_facet |
baleen whales Blue whale |
op_relation |
Molecular Biology and Evolution;36(6) http://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-pdf/36/6/1270/29960012/msz068.pdf Mónica Lopes-Marques, André M Machado, Luís Q Alves, Miguel M Fonseca, Susana Barbosa, Mikkel-Holger S Sinding, Marianne Helene Rasmussen, Maria Refsgaard Iversen, Mads Frost Bertelsen, Paula F Campos, Rute da Fonseca, Raquel Ruivo, L Filipe C Castro, Complete Inactivation of Sebum-Producing Genes Parallels the Loss of Sebaceous Glands in Cetacea, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 36, Issue 6, June 2019, Pages 1270–1280, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 0737-4038 1537-1719 (eISSN) https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11815/1732 Molecular Biology and Evolution doi:10.1093/molbev/msz068 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11815/1732 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz068 |
container_title |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
container_volume |
36 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
1270 |
op_container_end_page |
1280 |
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