Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation
Permafrost tundra contains more than twice as much carbon as is currently in the atmosphere, and it is warming six times as fast as the global mean. Tundra lakes dynamics is a robust indicator of global climate processes, and is still not well understood. Satellite data, particularly, from synthetic...
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ftopenunivgb:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:87705 2023-06-11T04:15:58+02:00 Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation Demchev, Denis Sudakow, Ivan Khodos, Alexander Abramova, Irina Lyakhov, Dmitry Michels, Dominik 2023-03-01 application/pdf https://oro.open.ac.uk/87705/ https://oro.open.ac.uk/87705/1/87705VOR.pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051298 unknown https://oro.open.ac.uk/87705/1/87705VOR.pdf Demchev, Denis; Sudakow, Ivan <http://oro.open.ac.uk/view/person/is2424.html>; Khodos, Alexander; Abramova, Irina; Lyakhov, Dmitry and Michels, Dominik (2023). Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation. Remote Sensing, 15(5) (Early Access). Journal Item Public PeerReviewed 2023 ftopenunivgb https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051298 2023-05-28T06:08:45Z Permafrost tundra contains more than twice as much carbon as is currently in the atmosphere, and it is warming six times as fast as the global mean. Tundra lakes dynamics is a robust indicator of global climate processes, and is still not well understood. Satellite data, particularly, from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a suitable tool for tundra lakes recognition and monitoring of their changes. However, manual analysis of lake boundaries can be slow and inefficient; therefore, reliable automated algorithms are required. To address this issue, we propose a two-stage approach, comprising instance deep-learning-based segmentation by U-Net, followed by semantic segmentation based on a watershed algorithm for separating touching and overlapping lakes. Implementation of this concept is essential for accurate sizes and shapes estimation of an individual lake. Here, we evaluated the performance of the proposed approach on lakes, manually extracted from tens of C-band SAR images from Sentinel-1, which were collected in the Yamal Peninsula and Alaska areas in the summer months of 2015–2022. An accuracy of 0.73, in terms of the Jaccard similarity index, was achieved. The lake’s perimeter, area and fractal sizes were estimated, based on the algorithm framework output from hundreds of SAR images. It was recognized as lognormal distributed. The evaluation of the results indicated the efficiency of the proposed approach for accurate automatic estimation of tundra lake shapes and sizes, and its potential to be used for further studies on tundra lake dynamics, in the context of global climate change, aimed at revealing new factors that could cause the planet to warm or cool. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Tundra Yamal Peninsula Alaska The Open University: Open Research Online (ORO) Yamal Peninsula ENVELOPE(69.873,69.873,70.816,70.816) Remote Sensing 15 5 1298 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The Open University: Open Research Online (ORO) |
op_collection_id |
ftopenunivgb |
language |
unknown |
description |
Permafrost tundra contains more than twice as much carbon as is currently in the atmosphere, and it is warming six times as fast as the global mean. Tundra lakes dynamics is a robust indicator of global climate processes, and is still not well understood. Satellite data, particularly, from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a suitable tool for tundra lakes recognition and monitoring of their changes. However, manual analysis of lake boundaries can be slow and inefficient; therefore, reliable automated algorithms are required. To address this issue, we propose a two-stage approach, comprising instance deep-learning-based segmentation by U-Net, followed by semantic segmentation based on a watershed algorithm for separating touching and overlapping lakes. Implementation of this concept is essential for accurate sizes and shapes estimation of an individual lake. Here, we evaluated the performance of the proposed approach on lakes, manually extracted from tens of C-band SAR images from Sentinel-1, which were collected in the Yamal Peninsula and Alaska areas in the summer months of 2015–2022. An accuracy of 0.73, in terms of the Jaccard similarity index, was achieved. The lake’s perimeter, area and fractal sizes were estimated, based on the algorithm framework output from hundreds of SAR images. It was recognized as lognormal distributed. The evaluation of the results indicated the efficiency of the proposed approach for accurate automatic estimation of tundra lake shapes and sizes, and its potential to be used for further studies on tundra lake dynamics, in the context of global climate change, aimed at revealing new factors that could cause the planet to warm or cool. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Demchev, Denis Sudakow, Ivan Khodos, Alexander Abramova, Irina Lyakhov, Dmitry Michels, Dominik |
spellingShingle |
Demchev, Denis Sudakow, Ivan Khodos, Alexander Abramova, Irina Lyakhov, Dmitry Michels, Dominik Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation |
author_facet |
Demchev, Denis Sudakow, Ivan Khodos, Alexander Abramova, Irina Lyakhov, Dmitry Michels, Dominik |
author_sort |
Demchev, Denis |
title |
Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation |
title_short |
Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation |
title_full |
Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation |
title_fullStr |
Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation |
title_sort |
recognizing the shape and size of tundra lakes in synthetic aperture radar (sar) images using deep learning segmentation |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://oro.open.ac.uk/87705/ https://oro.open.ac.uk/87705/1/87705VOR.pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051298 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(69.873,69.873,70.816,70.816) |
geographic |
Yamal Peninsula |
geographic_facet |
Yamal Peninsula |
genre |
permafrost Tundra Yamal Peninsula Alaska |
genre_facet |
permafrost Tundra Yamal Peninsula Alaska |
op_relation |
https://oro.open.ac.uk/87705/1/87705VOR.pdf Demchev, Denis; Sudakow, Ivan <http://oro.open.ac.uk/view/person/is2424.html>; Khodos, Alexander; Abramova, Irina; Lyakhov, Dmitry and Michels, Dominik (2023). Recognizing the Shape and Size of Tundra Lakes in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images Using Deep Learning Segmentation. Remote Sensing, 15(5) (Early Access). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051298 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1298 |
_version_ |
1768373270480945152 |