The bears of the European steppe: a review
Bears exhibit marked evolution for Pleistocene Europe. Both lineages are thought to have arisen from etruscan bear U. etruscus in the Early Pleistocene, however their high degree of polymorphism has prevented the establishment of an accepted evolutionary scenario. Isotopic analysis and tooth morphol...
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ftopenedition:oai:revues.org:quaternaire/16605 2023-05-15T18:42:16+02:00 The bears of the European steppe: a review Galdies, Johann 2024-03-01 http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/16605 fr fre Association française pour l’étude du quaternaire Quaternaire info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1142-2904 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1965-0795 urn:doi:10.4000/quaternaire.16605 http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/16605 All rights reserved info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess Ursidae Ursus spelaeus Pleistocene Europe Ursus arctos Ursus deningeri info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1481 ftopenedition https://doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.16605 2022-11-13T01:28:47Z Bears exhibit marked evolution for Pleistocene Europe. Both lineages are thought to have arisen from etruscan bear U. etruscus in the Early Pleistocene, however their high degree of polymorphism has prevented the establishment of an accepted evolutionary scenario. Isotopic analysis and tooth morphology of fossil brown bear U. arctos suggests that it was an omnivorous opportunist. The deningeri bear U. deningeri represents the spelaean bear of the Middle Pleistocene, sharing certain morphological affinities with brown bear U. arctos (frontal bulge and face; occlusal surface of jugular teeth). Within U. deningeri, several subspecies have been distinguished as evolutionary stages leading to the speciation of the cave bear U. spelaeus, the typical spelaean bear of the Late Pleistocene, which dominates cave fossil deposits. The speloïd lineage might serve as a good chronological marker for Pleistocene stratigraphic levels. There are several morphologically distinct lineages within U. spelaeus “sensu lato”, of controversial taxonomic status. Herbivorous feeding habits for U. spelaeus “s.l.” have been inferred from morphology (tooth, skull, jaw), demographics, and stable isotope analysis. This dietary difference between brown bears and cave bears shows that ecological competition was probably limited between both types. Paleo-genetic studies suggest that cave bears gradually lowered their reproductive rate (between 52,800 and 27,800 y BP) which led to their extinction at the onset of the last glacial maximum. Climatic changes are the main suggested causes responsible for the extinction of U. spelaeus. Les ours présentent une évolution marquée pour l’Europe du Pléistocène. On pense que les deux lignées sont issues de l’ours étrusque U. etruscus au Pléistocène inférieur, mais leur degré élevé de polymorphisme a empêché l’établissement d’un scénario évolutif accepté. L’analyse isotopique et la morphologie des dents de l’ours brun fossile U. arctos suggèrent qu’il s’agissait d’un omnivore opportuniste. L’ours de Deninger ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ursus arctos OpenEdition Quaternaire vol.33/1 47 62 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OpenEdition |
op_collection_id |
ftopenedition |
language |
French |
topic |
Ursidae Ursus spelaeus Pleistocene Europe Ursus arctos Ursus deningeri |
spellingShingle |
Ursidae Ursus spelaeus Pleistocene Europe Ursus arctos Ursus deningeri Galdies, Johann The bears of the European steppe: a review |
topic_facet |
Ursidae Ursus spelaeus Pleistocene Europe Ursus arctos Ursus deningeri |
description |
Bears exhibit marked evolution for Pleistocene Europe. Both lineages are thought to have arisen from etruscan bear U. etruscus in the Early Pleistocene, however their high degree of polymorphism has prevented the establishment of an accepted evolutionary scenario. Isotopic analysis and tooth morphology of fossil brown bear U. arctos suggests that it was an omnivorous opportunist. The deningeri bear U. deningeri represents the spelaean bear of the Middle Pleistocene, sharing certain morphological affinities with brown bear U. arctos (frontal bulge and face; occlusal surface of jugular teeth). Within U. deningeri, several subspecies have been distinguished as evolutionary stages leading to the speciation of the cave bear U. spelaeus, the typical spelaean bear of the Late Pleistocene, which dominates cave fossil deposits. The speloïd lineage might serve as a good chronological marker for Pleistocene stratigraphic levels. There are several morphologically distinct lineages within U. spelaeus “sensu lato”, of controversial taxonomic status. Herbivorous feeding habits for U. spelaeus “s.l.” have been inferred from morphology (tooth, skull, jaw), demographics, and stable isotope analysis. This dietary difference between brown bears and cave bears shows that ecological competition was probably limited between both types. Paleo-genetic studies suggest that cave bears gradually lowered their reproductive rate (between 52,800 and 27,800 y BP) which led to their extinction at the onset of the last glacial maximum. Climatic changes are the main suggested causes responsible for the extinction of U. spelaeus. Les ours présentent une évolution marquée pour l’Europe du Pléistocène. On pense que les deux lignées sont issues de l’ours étrusque U. etruscus au Pléistocène inférieur, mais leur degré élevé de polymorphisme a empêché l’établissement d’un scénario évolutif accepté. L’analyse isotopique et la morphologie des dents de l’ours brun fossile U. arctos suggèrent qu’il s’agissait d’un omnivore opportuniste. L’ours de Deninger ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Galdies, Johann |
author_facet |
Galdies, Johann |
author_sort |
Galdies, Johann |
title |
The bears of the European steppe: a review |
title_short |
The bears of the European steppe: a review |
title_full |
The bears of the European steppe: a review |
title_fullStr |
The bears of the European steppe: a review |
title_full_unstemmed |
The bears of the European steppe: a review |
title_sort |
bears of the european steppe: a review |
publisher |
Association française pour l’étude du quaternaire |
publishDate |
1481 |
url |
http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/16605 |
genre |
Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Ursus arctos |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1142-2904 info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/1965-0795 urn:doi:10.4000/quaternaire.16605 http://journals.openedition.org/quaternaire/16605 |
op_rights |
All rights reserved info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.16605 |
container_title |
Quaternaire |
container_issue |
vol.33/1 |
container_start_page |
47 |
op_container_end_page |
62 |
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1766231894903488512 |