The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century
The development of acoustic methods for measuring depths and ranges in the ocean environment began in the second decade of the twentieth century. The two world wars and the "Cold War" produced three eras of rapid technological development in the field of acoustic oceanography. By the mid-1...
Published in: | International Journal of Oceanography |
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Online Access: | https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/171958 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678621 |
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ftopenaccessrep:oai:zenodo.org:171958 2024-05-12T08:03:53+00:00 The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century Fornshell, John A. Tesei, Alessandra 2013-11-14 https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/171958 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678621 eng eng url:https://www.openaccessrepository.it/communities/itmirror https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/171958 doi:10.1155/2013/678621 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by General Medicine info:eu-repo/semantics/article publication-article 2013 ftopenaccessrep https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678621 2024-04-17T14:50:06Z The development of acoustic methods for measuring depths and ranges in the ocean environment began in the second decade of the twentieth century. The two world wars and the "Cold War" produced three eras of rapid technological development in the field of acoustic oceanography. By the mid-1920s, researchers had identified echoes from fish, Gadus morhua, in the traces from their echo sounders. The first tank experiments establishing the basics for detection of fish were performed in 1928. Through the 1930s, the use of SONAR as a means of locating schools of fish was developed. The end of World War II was quickly followed by the advent of using SONAR to track and hunt whales in the Southern Ocean and the marketing of commercial fish finding SONARs for use by commercial fisherman. The "deep scattering layer" composed of invertebrates and fish was discovered in the late 1940s on the echo sounder records. SONARs employing high frequencies, broadband, split beam, and multiple frequencies were developed as methods for the detection, quantification and identification of fish and invertebrates. The study of fish behavior has seen some use of passive acoustic techniques. Advancements in computer technology have been important throughout the last four decades of the twentieth century. Article in Journal/Newspaper Gadus morhua Southern Ocean Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN): Open Access Repository Southern Ocean International Journal of Oceanography 2013 1 9 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN): Open Access Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftopenaccessrep |
language |
English |
topic |
General Medicine |
spellingShingle |
General Medicine Fornshell, John A. Tesei, Alessandra The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century |
topic_facet |
General Medicine |
description |
The development of acoustic methods for measuring depths and ranges in the ocean environment began in the second decade of the twentieth century. The two world wars and the "Cold War" produced three eras of rapid technological development in the field of acoustic oceanography. By the mid-1920s, researchers had identified echoes from fish, Gadus morhua, in the traces from their echo sounders. The first tank experiments establishing the basics for detection of fish were performed in 1928. Through the 1930s, the use of SONAR as a means of locating schools of fish was developed. The end of World War II was quickly followed by the advent of using SONAR to track and hunt whales in the Southern Ocean and the marketing of commercial fish finding SONARs for use by commercial fisherman. The "deep scattering layer" composed of invertebrates and fish was discovered in the late 1940s on the echo sounder records. SONARs employing high frequencies, broadband, split beam, and multiple frequencies were developed as methods for the detection, quantification and identification of fish and invertebrates. The study of fish behavior has seen some use of passive acoustic techniques. Advancements in computer technology have been important throughout the last four decades of the twentieth century. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fornshell, John A. Tesei, Alessandra |
author_facet |
Fornshell, John A. Tesei, Alessandra |
author_sort |
Fornshell, John A. |
title |
The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century |
title_short |
The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century |
title_full |
The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century |
title_fullStr |
The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Development of SONAR as a Tool in Marine Biological Research in the Twentieth Century |
title_sort |
development of sonar as a tool in marine biological research in the twentieth century |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/171958 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678621 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Gadus morhua Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Gadus morhua Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
url:https://www.openaccessrepository.it/communities/itmirror https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/171958 doi:10.1155/2013/678621 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/678621 |
container_title |
International Journal of Oceanography |
container_volume |
2013 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
9 |
_version_ |
1798846019093397504 |