Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages
Iron availability and temperature are important limiting factors for the biota in many areas of the world ocean, and both have been predicted to change in future climate scenarios. However, the impacts of combined changes in these two key factors on microbial trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling ar...
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ftolddominionuni:oai:digitalcommons.odu.edu:oeas_fac_pubs-1178 2023-06-11T04:06:01+02:00 Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages Rose, J. M. Feng, Y. DiTullio, G. R. Dunbar, R. B. Hare, C. E. Lee, P. A. Lohan, M. Long, M. Smith, W. O., Jr. Sohst, B. Tozzi, S. Zhang, Y. Hutchins, D. A. 2009-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/193 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/oeas_fac_pubs/article/1178/viewcontent/Sohst2009SynergisticEffects.pdf unknown ODU Digital Commons https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/193 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/oeas_fac_pubs/article/1178/viewcontent/Sohst2009SynergisticEffects.pdf OES Faculty Publications Euphausia superba dana Ross sea Southern ocean Community structure Phaeocystis antarctica Heterotrophic protists Nutrient utlization Primary productivity Emiliania huxleyi Upwelling regime Biogeochemistry Biology Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology article 2009 ftolddominionuni 2023-05-08T17:59:38Z Iron availability and temperature are important limiting factors for the biota in many areas of the world ocean, and both have been predicted to change in future climate scenarios. However, the impacts of combined changes in these two key factors on microbial trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling are unknown. We examined the relative effects of iron addition (+1 nM) and increased temperature (+4° C) on plankton assemblages of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, a region characterized by annual algal blooms and an active microbial community. Increased iron and temperature individually had consistently significant but relatively minor positive effects on total phytoplankton abundance, phytoplankton and microzooplankton community composition, as well as photosynthetic parameters and nutrient drawdown. Unexpectedly, increased iron had a consistently negative impact on microzooplankton abundance, most likely a secondary response to changes in phytoplankton community composition. When iron and temperature were increased in concert, the resulting interactive effects were greatly magnified. This synergy between iron and temperature increases would not have been predictable by examining the effects of each variable individually. Our results suggest the possibility that if iron availability increases under future climate regimes, the impacts of predicted temperature increases on plankton assemblages in polar regions could be significantly enhanced. Such synergistic and antagonistic interactions between individual climate change variables highlight the importance of multivariate studies for marine global change experiments. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Euphausia superba Ross Sea Southern Ocean Old Dominion University: ODU Digital Commons Antarctic Southern Ocean Ross Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Old Dominion University: ODU Digital Commons |
op_collection_id |
ftolddominionuni |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Euphausia superba dana Ross sea Southern ocean Community structure Phaeocystis antarctica Heterotrophic protists Nutrient utlization Primary productivity Emiliania huxleyi Upwelling regime Biogeochemistry Biology Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology |
spellingShingle |
Euphausia superba dana Ross sea Southern ocean Community structure Phaeocystis antarctica Heterotrophic protists Nutrient utlization Primary productivity Emiliania huxleyi Upwelling regime Biogeochemistry Biology Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Rose, J. M. Feng, Y. DiTullio, G. R. Dunbar, R. B. Hare, C. E. Lee, P. A. Lohan, M. Long, M. Smith, W. O., Jr. Sohst, B. Tozzi, S. Zhang, Y. Hutchins, D. A. Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages |
topic_facet |
Euphausia superba dana Ross sea Southern ocean Community structure Phaeocystis antarctica Heterotrophic protists Nutrient utlization Primary productivity Emiliania huxleyi Upwelling regime Biogeochemistry Biology Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology |
description |
Iron availability and temperature are important limiting factors for the biota in many areas of the world ocean, and both have been predicted to change in future climate scenarios. However, the impacts of combined changes in these two key factors on microbial trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling are unknown. We examined the relative effects of iron addition (+1 nM) and increased temperature (+4° C) on plankton assemblages of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, a region characterized by annual algal blooms and an active microbial community. Increased iron and temperature individually had consistently significant but relatively minor positive effects on total phytoplankton abundance, phytoplankton and microzooplankton community composition, as well as photosynthetic parameters and nutrient drawdown. Unexpectedly, increased iron had a consistently negative impact on microzooplankton abundance, most likely a secondary response to changes in phytoplankton community composition. When iron and temperature were increased in concert, the resulting interactive effects were greatly magnified. This synergy between iron and temperature increases would not have been predictable by examining the effects of each variable individually. Our results suggest the possibility that if iron availability increases under future climate regimes, the impacts of predicted temperature increases on plankton assemblages in polar regions could be significantly enhanced. Such synergistic and antagonistic interactions between individual climate change variables highlight the importance of multivariate studies for marine global change experiments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rose, J. M. Feng, Y. DiTullio, G. R. Dunbar, R. B. Hare, C. E. Lee, P. A. Lohan, M. Long, M. Smith, W. O., Jr. Sohst, B. Tozzi, S. Zhang, Y. Hutchins, D. A. |
author_facet |
Rose, J. M. Feng, Y. DiTullio, G. R. Dunbar, R. B. Hare, C. E. Lee, P. A. Lohan, M. Long, M. Smith, W. O., Jr. Sohst, B. Tozzi, S. Zhang, Y. Hutchins, D. A. |
author_sort |
Rose, J. M. |
title |
Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages |
title_short |
Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages |
title_full |
Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages |
title_fullStr |
Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synergistic Effects of Iron and Temperature on Antarctic Phytoplankton and Microzooplankton Assemblages |
title_sort |
synergistic effects of iron and temperature on antarctic phytoplankton and microzooplankton assemblages |
publisher |
ODU Digital Commons |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/193 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/oeas_fac_pubs/article/1178/viewcontent/Sohst2009SynergisticEffects.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Ross Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Ross Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Euphausia superba Ross Sea Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Euphausia superba Ross Sea Southern Ocean |
op_source |
OES Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/193 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/oeas_fac_pubs/article/1178/viewcontent/Sohst2009SynergisticEffects.pdf |
_version_ |
1768377735930970112 |