Modeling Ocean Eddies on Antarctica's Cold Water Continental Shelves and Their Effects on Ice Shelf Basal Melting

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• Main Authors: Mack, Stefanie L., Dinniman, Michael S., Klinck, John M., McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Padman, Laurence
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: ODU Digital Commons 2019
• Subjects: Ross Sea; Antarctica; Water circulation; Water column; Ocean models; Inflow; Induction heating; Sea level changes; Surface water; Continental shelves; Stratification; Melting; Ice; Computer simulation; Resolution; Glaciation; Ice shelves; Land ice; Water temperature; Deep water; Ice sheets; Sea level; Eddies; Climate; Oceanography; Ross Ice Shelf; Antarc*; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelf; Ice Shelves
• Online Access: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ccpo_pubs/314; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014688; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/ccpo_pubs/article/1318/viewcontent/Dinniman_2019_ModelingOceanEddiesonAntarctica_sColdWaterOCR.pdf

Changes in the rate of ocean‐driven basal melting of Antarctica's ice shelves can alter the rate at which the grounded ice sheet loses mass and contributes to sea level change. Melt rates depend on the inflow of ocean heat, which occurs through steady circulation and eddy fluxes. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of eddy fluxes for ice shelves affected by relatively warm intrusions of Circumpolar Deep Water. However, ice shelves on cold water continental shelves primarily melt from dense shelf water near the grounding line and from light surface water at the ice shelf front. Eddy effects on basal melt of these ice shelves have not been studied. We investigate where and when a regional ocean model of the Ross Sea resolves eddies and determine the effect of eddy processes on basal melt. The size of the eddies formed depends on water column stratification and latitude. We use simulations at horizontal grid resolutions of 5 and 1.5 km and, in the 1.5‐km model, vary the degree of topography smoothing. The higher‐resolution models generate about 2–2.5 times as many eddies as the low‐resolution model. In all simulations, eddies cross the ice shelf front in both directions. However, there is no significant change in basal melt between low‐ and high‐resolution simulations. We conclude that higher‐resolution models (km) are required to better represent eddies in the Ross Sea but hypothesize that basal melt of the Ross Ice Shelf is relatively insensitive to our ability to fully resolve the eddy field.