The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source for teleconnections, including towards the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, whereby TNA sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are positively correlated with ENSO in boreal spring following an ENSO event. However, the Pacific–Atlantic connection ca...
Published in: | Weather and Climate Dynamics |
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Copernicus Publications (EGU)
2023
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/1/wcd-4-471-2023.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/2/wcd-4-471-2023-supplement.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/471/2023/ https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:58621 2024-02-11T10:06:17+01:00 The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models Casselman, Jake W. Lübbecke, Joke F. Bayr, Tobias Huo, Wenjuan Wahl, Sebastian Domeisen, Daniela I. V. 2023-05-22 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/1/wcd-4-471-2023.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/2/wcd-4-471-2023-supplement.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/471/2023/ https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 en eng Copernicus Publications (EGU) https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/1/wcd-4-471-2023.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/2/wcd-4-471-2023-supplement.pdf Casselman, J. W., Lübbecke, J. F. , Bayr, T. , Huo, W. , Wahl, S. and Domeisen, D. I. V. (2023) The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models. Open Access Weather and Climate Dynamics, 4 (2). pp. 471-487. DOI 10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 <https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023>. doi:10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 cc_by_4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2023 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 2024-01-15T00:26:59Z El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source for teleconnections, including towards the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, whereby TNA sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are positively correlated with ENSO in boreal spring following an ENSO event. However, the Pacific–Atlantic connection can be impacted by different ENSO characteristics, such as the amplitude, location, and timing of Pacific SST anomalies (SSTAs). Indeed, the TNA SSTAs may respond nonlinearly to strong and extreme El Niño events. However, observational data for the number of extreme ENSO events remain limited, restricting our ability to investigate the influence of observed extreme ENSO events. To overcome this issue and to further evaluate the nonlinearity of the TNA SSTA response, two coupled climate models are used, namely the Community Earth System Model version 1 – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM) and the Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure version 1 (FOCI). In both models the TNA SSTAs respond linearly to ENSO during extreme El Niño events but nonlinearly to extreme La Niña events for CESM-WACCM. We investigate differences by using indices for all major mechanisms that connect ENSO to the TNA and compare them with reanalysis. CESM-WACCM and FOCI overall represent the teleconnection well, including that the tropical and extratropical pathways are similar to observations. Our results also show that a large portion of the nonlinearity during La Niña is explained by the interaction between Pacific SSTAs and the overlying upper-level divergence. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Pacific Weather and Climate Dynamics 4 2 471 487 |
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Open Polar |
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OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
op_collection_id |
ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source for teleconnections, including towards the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) region, whereby TNA sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are positively correlated with ENSO in boreal spring following an ENSO event. However, the Pacific–Atlantic connection can be impacted by different ENSO characteristics, such as the amplitude, location, and timing of Pacific SST anomalies (SSTAs). Indeed, the TNA SSTAs may respond nonlinearly to strong and extreme El Niño events. However, observational data for the number of extreme ENSO events remain limited, restricting our ability to investigate the influence of observed extreme ENSO events. To overcome this issue and to further evaluate the nonlinearity of the TNA SSTA response, two coupled climate models are used, namely the Community Earth System Model version 1 – Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM) and the Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure version 1 (FOCI). In both models the TNA SSTAs respond linearly to ENSO during extreme El Niño events but nonlinearly to extreme La Niña events for CESM-WACCM. We investigate differences by using indices for all major mechanisms that connect ENSO to the TNA and compare them with reanalysis. CESM-WACCM and FOCI overall represent the teleconnection well, including that the tropical and extratropical pathways are similar to observations. Our results also show that a large portion of the nonlinearity during La Niña is explained by the interaction between Pacific SSTAs and the overlying upper-level divergence. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Casselman, Jake W. Lübbecke, Joke F. Bayr, Tobias Huo, Wenjuan Wahl, Sebastian Domeisen, Daniela I. V. |
spellingShingle |
Casselman, Jake W. Lübbecke, Joke F. Bayr, Tobias Huo, Wenjuan Wahl, Sebastian Domeisen, Daniela I. V. The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models |
author_facet |
Casselman, Jake W. Lübbecke, Joke F. Bayr, Tobias Huo, Wenjuan Wahl, Sebastian Domeisen, Daniela I. V. |
author_sort |
Casselman, Jake W. |
title |
The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models |
title_short |
The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models |
title_full |
The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models |
title_fullStr |
The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models |
title_full_unstemmed |
The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models |
title_sort |
teleconnection of extreme el niño–southern oscillation (enso) events to the tropical north atlantic in coupled climate models |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications (EGU) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/1/wcd-4-471-2023.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/2/wcd-4-471-2023-supplement.pdf https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/4/471/2023/ https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/1/wcd-4-471-2023.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/58621/2/wcd-4-471-2023-supplement.pdf Casselman, J. W., Lübbecke, J. F. , Bayr, T. , Huo, W. , Wahl, S. and Domeisen, D. I. V. (2023) The teleconnection of extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the tropical North Atlantic in coupled climate models. Open Access Weather and Climate Dynamics, 4 (2). pp. 471-487. DOI 10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 <https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023>. doi:10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 |
op_rights |
cc_by_4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-471-2023 |
container_title |
Weather and Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
2 |
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471 |
op_container_end_page |
487 |
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1790603891430129664 |