New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean
Since 2010, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission monitors the earth emission at L-Band. It provides the longest time series of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from space over the global ocean. However, the SSS retrieval at high latitudes is a challenge because of the low sensitiv...
Published in: | Remote Sensing of Environment |
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/1/Supply.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:53215 2023-05-15T14:26:25+02:00 New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean Supply, Alexandre Boutin, Jacqueline Vergely, Jean-Luc Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas Reverdin, Gilles Reul, Nicolas Tarasenko, Anastasiia 2020-11 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/1/Supply.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 en eng Elsevier https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/1/Supply.pdf Supply, A., Boutin, J., Vergely, J. L., Kolodziejczyk, N., Reverdin, G., Reul, N. and Tarasenko, A. (2020) New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean. Remote Sensing of Environment, 249 . Art.Nr. 112027. DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027>. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 2023-04-07T15:57:10Z Since 2010, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission monitors the earth emission at L-Band. It provides the longest time series of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from space over the global ocean. However, the SSS retrieval at high latitudes is a challenge because of the low sensitivity L-Band radiometric measurements to SSS in cold waters and to the contamination of SMOS measurements by the vicinity of continents, of sea ice and of Radio Frequency Interferences. In this paper, we assess the quality of weekly SSS fields derived from swath-ordered instantaneous SMOS SSS (so called Level 2) distributed by the European Space Agency. These products are filtered according to new criteria. We use the pseudo-dielectric constant retrieved from SMOS brightness temperatures to filter SSS pixels polluted by sea ice. We identify that the dielectric constant model and the sea surface temperature auxiliary parameter used as prior information in the SMOS SSS retrieval induce significant systematic errors at low temperatures. We propose a novel empirical correction to mitigate those sources of errors at high latitudes. Comparisons with in-situ measurements ranging from 1 to 11 m depths spotlight huge vertical stratification in fresh regions. This emphasizes the need to consider in-situ salinity as close as possible to the sea surface when validating L-band radiometric SSS which are representative of the first top centimeter. SSS Standard deviation of differences (STDD) between weekly SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity significantly decrease after applying the SSS correction, from 1.46 pss to 1.28 pss. The correlation between new SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity reaches 0.94. SMOS estimates better capture SSS variability in the Arctic Ocean in comparison to TOPAZ reanalysis (STDD between TOPAZ and in-situ SSS = 1.86 pss), particularly in river plumes with very large SSS spatial gradients. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing of Environment 249 112027 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
op_collection_id |
ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Since 2010, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission monitors the earth emission at L-Band. It provides the longest time series of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from space over the global ocean. However, the SSS retrieval at high latitudes is a challenge because of the low sensitivity L-Band radiometric measurements to SSS in cold waters and to the contamination of SMOS measurements by the vicinity of continents, of sea ice and of Radio Frequency Interferences. In this paper, we assess the quality of weekly SSS fields derived from swath-ordered instantaneous SMOS SSS (so called Level 2) distributed by the European Space Agency. These products are filtered according to new criteria. We use the pseudo-dielectric constant retrieved from SMOS brightness temperatures to filter SSS pixels polluted by sea ice. We identify that the dielectric constant model and the sea surface temperature auxiliary parameter used as prior information in the SMOS SSS retrieval induce significant systematic errors at low temperatures. We propose a novel empirical correction to mitigate those sources of errors at high latitudes. Comparisons with in-situ measurements ranging from 1 to 11 m depths spotlight huge vertical stratification in fresh regions. This emphasizes the need to consider in-situ salinity as close as possible to the sea surface when validating L-band radiometric SSS which are representative of the first top centimeter. SSS Standard deviation of differences (STDD) between weekly SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity significantly decrease after applying the SSS correction, from 1.46 pss to 1.28 pss. The correlation between new SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity reaches 0.94. SMOS estimates better capture SSS variability in the Arctic Ocean in comparison to TOPAZ reanalysis (STDD between TOPAZ and in-situ SSS = 1.86 pss), particularly in river plumes with very large SSS spatial gradients. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Supply, Alexandre Boutin, Jacqueline Vergely, Jean-Luc Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas Reverdin, Gilles Reul, Nicolas Tarasenko, Anastasiia |
spellingShingle |
Supply, Alexandre Boutin, Jacqueline Vergely, Jean-Luc Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas Reverdin, Gilles Reul, Nicolas Tarasenko, Anastasiia New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean |
author_facet |
Supply, Alexandre Boutin, Jacqueline Vergely, Jean-Luc Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas Reverdin, Gilles Reul, Nicolas Tarasenko, Anastasiia |
author_sort |
Supply, Alexandre |
title |
New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
new insights into smos sea surface salinity retrievals in the arctic ocean |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/1/Supply.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/53215/1/Supply.pdf Supply, A., Boutin, J., Vergely, J. L., Kolodziejczyk, N., Reverdin, G., Reul, N. and Tarasenko, A. (2020) New insights into SMOS sea surface salinity retrievals in the Arctic Ocean. Remote Sensing of Environment, 249 . Art.Nr. 112027. DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027>. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112027 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
container_volume |
249 |
container_start_page |
112027 |
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1766298994002100224 |