Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries
The diet composition of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at Heard Island (53°05′S; 73°30′E) was determined from stomach contents of 98 adults captured as they returned to the island throughout 1992. During the two growth seasons, the diet was dominated by the myctophid fish Krefftichthys ande...
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/1/3436.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:52807 2023-05-15T16:33:55+02:00 Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries Moore, Geoffrey J. Robertson, Graham Wienecke, Barbara 1998-10-01 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/1/3436.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306 en eng Springer https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/1/3436.pdf Moore, G. J., Robertson, G. and Wienecke, B. (1998) Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries. Polar Biology, 20 (5). pp. 293-302. DOI 10.1007/s003000050306 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306>. doi:10.1007/s003000050306 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Article PeerReviewed 1998 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306 2023-04-07T15:56:18Z The diet composition of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at Heard Island (53°05′S; 73°30′E) was determined from stomach contents of 98 adults captured as they returned to the island throughout 1992. During the two growth seasons, the diet was dominated by the myctophid fish Krefftichthys anderssoni (94% by number, 48% by mass). The paralepidid fish Magnisudis prionosa contributed <1% by numbers but 17% by mass. Mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) accounted for 17% by mass of chick diet in late winter, when chicks were malnourished and prone to starvation, although its annual contribution to the penguins' diet was only 3%. Squid was consumed only between April and August; Martialia hyadesi was the commonest squid taken, comprising 40–48% of the winter diet. The remainder of the diet consisted of the squid Moroteuthis ingens and fish other than K. anderssoni. The energy content of the diet mix fed to the chicks varied seasonally being highest during the growth seasons (7.83 ± 0.25 kJ g−1) and lowest in winter (6.58 ± 0.19 kJ g−1). From energetic experiments we estimated that an adult penguin consumed 300 kg of food each, of which its chick received 55 kg during the 1992 season. The chicks received large meals at the beginning of winter (1.2 ± 0.3 kg) and during the middle of the second growth season (1.2 ± 0.3 kg), and their smallest meals in late winter (0.4 ± 0.1 kg). The gross energy required to rear a king penguin chick was estimated to be 724 MJ. The potential impact of commercial fisheries on the breeding activities of king penguins is discussed. Article in Journal/Newspaper Heard Island Icefish King Penguins Polar Biology OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Heard Island Polar Biology 20 5 293 302 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
The diet composition of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at Heard Island (53°05′S; 73°30′E) was determined from stomach contents of 98 adults captured as they returned to the island throughout 1992. During the two growth seasons, the diet was dominated by the myctophid fish Krefftichthys anderssoni (94% by number, 48% by mass). The paralepidid fish Magnisudis prionosa contributed <1% by numbers but 17% by mass. Mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) accounted for 17% by mass of chick diet in late winter, when chicks were malnourished and prone to starvation, although its annual contribution to the penguins' diet was only 3%. Squid was consumed only between April and August; Martialia hyadesi was the commonest squid taken, comprising 40–48% of the winter diet. The remainder of the diet consisted of the squid Moroteuthis ingens and fish other than K. anderssoni. The energy content of the diet mix fed to the chicks varied seasonally being highest during the growth seasons (7.83 ± 0.25 kJ g−1) and lowest in winter (6.58 ± 0.19 kJ g−1). From energetic experiments we estimated that an adult penguin consumed 300 kg of food each, of which its chick received 55 kg during the 1992 season. The chicks received large meals at the beginning of winter (1.2 ± 0.3 kg) and during the middle of the second growth season (1.2 ± 0.3 kg), and their smallest meals in late winter (0.4 ± 0.1 kg). The gross energy required to rear a king penguin chick was estimated to be 724 MJ. The potential impact of commercial fisheries on the breeding activities of king penguins is discussed. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Moore, Geoffrey J. Robertson, Graham Wienecke, Barbara |
spellingShingle |
Moore, Geoffrey J. Robertson, Graham Wienecke, Barbara Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
author_facet |
Moore, Geoffrey J. Robertson, Graham Wienecke, Barbara |
author_sort |
Moore, Geoffrey J. |
title |
Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
title_short |
Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
title_full |
Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
title_fullStr |
Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
title_sort |
food requirements of breeding king penguins at heard island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/1/3436.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306 |
geographic |
Heard Island |
geographic_facet |
Heard Island |
genre |
Heard Island Icefish King Penguins Polar Biology |
genre_facet |
Heard Island Icefish King Penguins Polar Biology |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/52807/1/3436.pdf Moore, G. J., Robertson, G. and Wienecke, B. (1998) Food requirements of breeding king penguins at Heard Island and potential overlap with commercial fisheries. Polar Biology, 20 (5). pp. 293-302. DOI 10.1007/s003000050306 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306>. doi:10.1007/s003000050306 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050306 |
container_title |
Polar Biology |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
293 |
op_container_end_page |
302 |
_version_ |
1766023650474983424 |