Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges
Sponges are ubiquitous components of various deep‐sea habitats, including cold water coral reefs, and form deep‐sea sponge grounds. Although the deep sea is generally considered to be a food‐limited environment, these ecosystems are known to be hotspots of biodiversity and carbon cycling. To assess...
Published in: | Limnology and Oceanography |
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Language: | English |
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ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography)
2021
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/1/lno.11652_published.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:51258 2024-02-11T10:06:33+01:00 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore Goeij, Jasper M. 2021-03 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/1/lno.11652_published.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 en eng ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) Wiley https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/1/lno.11652_published.pdf Bart, M. C. , Mueller, B. , Rombouts, T., Ven, C., Tompkins, G. J., Osinga, R., Brussaard, C. P. D., MacDonald, B., Engel, A. , Rapp, H. T. and Goeij, J. M. (2021) Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges. Open Access Limnology and Oceanography, 66 . pp. 925-938. DOI 10.1002/lno.11652 <https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652>. doi:10.1002/lno.11652 cc_by_4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2021 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 2024-01-15T00:22:42Z Sponges are ubiquitous components of various deep‐sea habitats, including cold water coral reefs, and form deep‐sea sponge grounds. Although the deep sea is generally considered to be a food‐limited environment, these ecosystems are known to be hotspots of biodiversity and carbon cycling. To assess the role of sponges in the carbon cycling of deep‐sea ecosystems, we studied the carbon budgets of six dominant deep‐sea sponges of different phylogenetic origin, with various growth forms and hosting distinct associated microbial communities, in an ex situ aquarium setup. Additionally, we determined biomass metrics—planar surface area, volume, wet weight, dry weight (DW), ash‐free dry weight, and organic carbon (C) content—and conversion factors for all species. Oxygen (O2) removal rates averaged 3.3 ± 2.8 μmol O2 g DWsponge h−1 (mean ± SD), live particulate (bacterio‐ and phytoplankton) organic carbon removal rates averaged 0.30 ± 0.39 μmol C g DWsponge h−1 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal rates averaged 18.70 ± 25.02 μmol C g DWsponge h−1. Carbon mass balances were calculated for four species and revealed that the sponges acquired 1.3–6.6 times the amount of carbon needed to sustain their minimal respiratory demands. These results indicate that irrespective of taxonomic class, growth form, and abundance of microbial symbionts, DOC is responsible for over 90% of the total net organic carbon removal of deep‐sea sponges and allows them to sustain themselves in otherwise food‐limited environments on the ocean floor. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Limnology and Oceanography 66 3 925 938 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Sponges are ubiquitous components of various deep‐sea habitats, including cold water coral reefs, and form deep‐sea sponge grounds. Although the deep sea is generally considered to be a food‐limited environment, these ecosystems are known to be hotspots of biodiversity and carbon cycling. To assess the role of sponges in the carbon cycling of deep‐sea ecosystems, we studied the carbon budgets of six dominant deep‐sea sponges of different phylogenetic origin, with various growth forms and hosting distinct associated microbial communities, in an ex situ aquarium setup. Additionally, we determined biomass metrics—planar surface area, volume, wet weight, dry weight (DW), ash‐free dry weight, and organic carbon (C) content—and conversion factors for all species. Oxygen (O2) removal rates averaged 3.3 ± 2.8 μmol O2 g DWsponge h−1 (mean ± SD), live particulate (bacterio‐ and phytoplankton) organic carbon removal rates averaged 0.30 ± 0.39 μmol C g DWsponge h−1 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal rates averaged 18.70 ± 25.02 μmol C g DWsponge h−1. Carbon mass balances were calculated for four species and revealed that the sponges acquired 1.3–6.6 times the amount of carbon needed to sustain their minimal respiratory demands. These results indicate that irrespective of taxonomic class, growth form, and abundance of microbial symbionts, DOC is responsible for over 90% of the total net organic carbon removal of deep‐sea sponges and allows them to sustain themselves in otherwise food‐limited environments on the ocean floor. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore Goeij, Jasper M. |
spellingShingle |
Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore Goeij, Jasper M. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
author_facet |
Bart, Martijn C. Mueller, Benjamin Rombouts, Titus Ven, Clea Tompkins, Gabrielle J. Osinga, Ronald Brussaard, Corina P.D. MacDonald, Barry Engel, Anja Rapp, Hans Tore Goeij, Jasper M. |
author_sort |
Bart, Martijn C. |
title |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_short |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_full |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_fullStr |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
title_sort |
dissolved organic carbon (doc) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant north‐atlantic deep‐sea sponges |
publisher |
ASLO (Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/1/lno.11652_published.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/51258/1/lno.11652_published.pdf Bart, M. C. , Mueller, B. , Rombouts, T., Ven, C., Tompkins, G. J., Osinga, R., Brussaard, C. P. D., MacDonald, B., Engel, A. , Rapp, H. T. and Goeij, J. M. (2021) Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential to balance the metabolic demands of four dominant North‐Atlantic deep‐sea sponges. Open Access Limnology and Oceanography, 66 . pp. 925-938. DOI 10.1002/lno.11652 <https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652>. doi:10.1002/lno.11652 |
op_rights |
cc_by_4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11652 |
container_title |
Limnology and Oceanography |
container_volume |
66 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
925 |
op_container_end_page |
938 |
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1790604329296592896 |