Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle
Assessment of the global budget of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide ([Formula: see text]O) is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanic [Formula: see text]O flux to the atmosphere, of which the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal variability remain highly uncertain. Here, we reconstruct cli...
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National Academy of Sciences
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/1/11954.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:49863 2023-05-15T18:25:49+02:00 Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle Yang, Simon Chang, Bonnie X. Warner, Mark J. Weber, Thomas S. Bourbonnais, Annie M. Santoro, Alyson E. Kock, Annette Sonnerup, Rolf E. Bullister, John L. Wilson, Samuel T. Bianchi, Daniele 2020-06-02 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/1/11954.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117 en eng National Academy of Sciences https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/1/11954.full.pdf Yang, S., Chang, B. X. , Warner, M. J. , Weber, T. S., Bourbonnais, A. M., Santoro, A. E. , Kock, A. , Sonnerup, R. E., Bullister, J. L., Wilson, S. T. and Bianchi, D. (2020) Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle. Open Access PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117 (22). pp. 11954-11960. DOI 10.1073/pnas.1921914117 <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117>. doi:10.1073/pnas.1921914117 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed 2020 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117 2023-04-07T15:50:46Z Assessment of the global budget of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide ([Formula: see text]O) is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanic [Formula: see text]O flux to the atmosphere, of which the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal variability remain highly uncertain. Here, we reconstruct climatological [Formula: see text]O emissions from the ocean by training a supervised learning algorithm with over 158,000 [Formula: see text]O measurements from the surface ocean-the largest synthesis to date. The reconstruction captures observed latitudinal gradients and coastal hot spots of [Formula: see text]O flux and reveals a vigorous global seasonal cycle. We estimate an annual mean [Formula: see text]O flux of 4.2 ± 1.0 Tg N[Formula: see text], 64% of which occurs in the tropics, and 20% in coastal upwelling systems that occupy less than 3% of the ocean area. This [Formula: see text]O flux ranges from a low of 3.3 ± 1.3 Tg N[Formula: see text] in the boreal spring to a high of 5.5 ± 2.0 Tg N[Formula: see text] in the boreal summer. Much of the seasonal variations in global [Formula: see text]O emissions can be traced to seasonal upwelling in the tropical ocean and winter mixing in the Southern Ocean. The dominant contribution to seasonality by productive, low-oxygen tropical upwelling systems (>75%) suggests a sensitivity of the global [Formula: see text]O flux to El Niño-Southern Oscillation and anthropogenic stratification of the low latitude ocean. This ocean flux estimate is consistent with the range adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but reduces its uncertainty by more than fivefold, enabling more precise determination of other terms in the atmospheric [Formula: see text]O budget. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Southern Ocean Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 22 11954 11960 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Assessment of the global budget of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide ([Formula: see text]O) is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanic [Formula: see text]O flux to the atmosphere, of which the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal variability remain highly uncertain. Here, we reconstruct climatological [Formula: see text]O emissions from the ocean by training a supervised learning algorithm with over 158,000 [Formula: see text]O measurements from the surface ocean-the largest synthesis to date. The reconstruction captures observed latitudinal gradients and coastal hot spots of [Formula: see text]O flux and reveals a vigorous global seasonal cycle. We estimate an annual mean [Formula: see text]O flux of 4.2 ± 1.0 Tg N[Formula: see text], 64% of which occurs in the tropics, and 20% in coastal upwelling systems that occupy less than 3% of the ocean area. This [Formula: see text]O flux ranges from a low of 3.3 ± 1.3 Tg N[Formula: see text] in the boreal spring to a high of 5.5 ± 2.0 Tg N[Formula: see text] in the boreal summer. Much of the seasonal variations in global [Formula: see text]O emissions can be traced to seasonal upwelling in the tropical ocean and winter mixing in the Southern Ocean. The dominant contribution to seasonality by productive, low-oxygen tropical upwelling systems (>75%) suggests a sensitivity of the global [Formula: see text]O flux to El Niño-Southern Oscillation and anthropogenic stratification of the low latitude ocean. This ocean flux estimate is consistent with the range adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but reduces its uncertainty by more than fivefold, enabling more precise determination of other terms in the atmospheric [Formula: see text]O budget. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yang, Simon Chang, Bonnie X. Warner, Mark J. Weber, Thomas S. Bourbonnais, Annie M. Santoro, Alyson E. Kock, Annette Sonnerup, Rolf E. Bullister, John L. Wilson, Samuel T. Bianchi, Daniele |
spellingShingle |
Yang, Simon Chang, Bonnie X. Warner, Mark J. Weber, Thomas S. Bourbonnais, Annie M. Santoro, Alyson E. Kock, Annette Sonnerup, Rolf E. Bullister, John L. Wilson, Samuel T. Bianchi, Daniele Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
author_facet |
Yang, Simon Chang, Bonnie X. Warner, Mark J. Weber, Thomas S. Bourbonnais, Annie M. Santoro, Alyson E. Kock, Annette Sonnerup, Rolf E. Bullister, John L. Wilson, Samuel T. Bianchi, Daniele |
author_sort |
Yang, Simon |
title |
Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
title_short |
Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
title_full |
Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
title_fullStr |
Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
title_sort |
global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/1/11954.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49863/1/11954.full.pdf Yang, S., Chang, B. X. , Warner, M. J. , Weber, T. S., Bourbonnais, A. M., Santoro, A. E. , Kock, A. , Sonnerup, R. E., Bullister, J. L., Wilson, S. T. and Bianchi, D. (2020) Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle. Open Access PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117 (22). pp. 11954-11960. DOI 10.1073/pnas.1921914117 <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117>. doi:10.1073/pnas.1921914117 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921914117 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
11954 |
op_container_end_page |
11960 |
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1766207501025411072 |