Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot
Glacier changes are having impacts on processes of global importance such as sea-level rise, hydrology of mountain-fed rivers, freshwater balance of oceans, and even the shape and rotation of the Earth. Here we discuss the effects of “small glaciers” — all perennial ice masses other than the Greenla...
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:49628 2023-05-15T13:37:37+02:00 Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot Dyurgerov, Mark B. Meier, Mark F. 2005 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49628/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49628/1/OP58_dyurgerov_meier.pdf en eng INSTAAR, University of Colorado https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49628/1/OP58_dyurgerov_meier.pdf Dyurgerov, M. B. and Meier, M. F. (2005) Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot. . INSTAAR Occasional paper, 58 . INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 118 pp. info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Report PeerReviewed 2005 ftoceanrep 2023-04-07T15:50:27Z Glacier changes are having impacts on processes of global importance such as sea-level rise, hydrology of mountain-fed rivers, freshwater balance of oceans, and even the shape and rotation of the Earth. Here we discuss the effects of “small glaciers” — all perennial ice masses other than the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. We now estimate that the total area of these glaciers and ice caps to be about 785 ± 100 3 103 km2, somewhat larger than earlier estimates because of improved information on isolated glaciers and ice caps around the periphery of the large ice sheets. We estimate the total volume of this ice to be about 260 ± 65 3 103 km3, equivalent to 0.65 ± 0.16 m of sea-level rise. Glacier mass balance data (both annual and seasonal) can be used to infer current climatic change in precipitation and temperature, and the spatial distribution of these can assist in the analysis and modeling of climate change. This is especially important in high-mountain and high-latitude areas, where precipitation data are few and biased. Air temperature increase is the major forcing of glacier change. Glacier response to recent climate warming shows a steepening mass balance gradient with altitude due to increasing ice ablation below the equilibrium line altitude, and, to a lesser extent, increasing snow accumulation above that altitude. Observational results also show increasing glacier mass turnover and mass balance sensitivity to air temperature; these changes are not predicted by existing climate/glacier models. Sensitivity and turnover have also decreased in variability starting at the end of the 1980s. Glacier wastage caused sea level to rise at a rate of 0.51 mm yr^-1 2003, but glaciers are now (1994–2003) causing sea level to rise 0.93 mm yr^-1. This freshwater addition to the oceans may be affecting ocean circulation and ocean ecosystems, and causing socio-economic impacts due to sea-level change. This contribution from glaciers is likely to continue to increase in the future. Acceleration of glacier wastage ... Report Antarc* Antarctic glacier Greenland OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Antarctic Greenland |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
op_collection_id |
ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Glacier changes are having impacts on processes of global importance such as sea-level rise, hydrology of mountain-fed rivers, freshwater balance of oceans, and even the shape and rotation of the Earth. Here we discuss the effects of “small glaciers” — all perennial ice masses other than the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. We now estimate that the total area of these glaciers and ice caps to be about 785 ± 100 3 103 km2, somewhat larger than earlier estimates because of improved information on isolated glaciers and ice caps around the periphery of the large ice sheets. We estimate the total volume of this ice to be about 260 ± 65 3 103 km3, equivalent to 0.65 ± 0.16 m of sea-level rise. Glacier mass balance data (both annual and seasonal) can be used to infer current climatic change in precipitation and temperature, and the spatial distribution of these can assist in the analysis and modeling of climate change. This is especially important in high-mountain and high-latitude areas, where precipitation data are few and biased. Air temperature increase is the major forcing of glacier change. Glacier response to recent climate warming shows a steepening mass balance gradient with altitude due to increasing ice ablation below the equilibrium line altitude, and, to a lesser extent, increasing snow accumulation above that altitude. Observational results also show increasing glacier mass turnover and mass balance sensitivity to air temperature; these changes are not predicted by existing climate/glacier models. Sensitivity and turnover have also decreased in variability starting at the end of the 1980s. Glacier wastage caused sea level to rise at a rate of 0.51 mm yr^-1 2003, but glaciers are now (1994–2003) causing sea level to rise 0.93 mm yr^-1. This freshwater addition to the oceans may be affecting ocean circulation and ocean ecosystems, and causing socio-economic impacts due to sea-level change. This contribution from glaciers is likely to continue to increase in the future. Acceleration of glacier wastage ... |
format |
Report |
author |
Dyurgerov, Mark B. Meier, Mark F. |
spellingShingle |
Dyurgerov, Mark B. Meier, Mark F. Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
author_facet |
Dyurgerov, Mark B. Meier, Mark F. |
author_sort |
Dyurgerov, Mark B. |
title |
Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
title_short |
Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
title_full |
Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
title_fullStr |
Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
title_full_unstemmed |
Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
title_sort |
glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot |
publisher |
INSTAAR, University of Colorado |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49628/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49628/1/OP58_dyurgerov_meier.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic glacier Greenland |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic glacier Greenland |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/49628/1/OP58_dyurgerov_meier.pdf Dyurgerov, M. B. and Meier, M. F. (2005) Glaciers and the changing earth system: a 2004 snapshot. . INSTAAR Occasional paper, 58 . INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 118 pp. |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
_version_ |
1766095047444398080 |