Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region
Sea surface waves significantly affect the wind energy input to the Ekman layer in the upper ocean. In the study, we first incorporated the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing, the reduction of wind stress caused by wave generation, and wave dissipation into the classical Ekman model to investigate...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:47026 2023-05-15T14:12:55+02:00 Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region Zhang, Yuming Song, Zhaoyang Wu, Kejian Shi, Yongfang 2019-05-29 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/47026/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/47026/1/Zhang_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Oceans.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014470 en eng AGU (American Geophysical Union) Wiley https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/47026/1/Zhang_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Oceans.pdf Zhang, Y. , Song, Z. , Wu, K. and Shi, Y. (2019) Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region. Open Access Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124 (5). pp. 3393-3410. DOI 10.1029/2018JC014470 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014470>. doi:10.1029/2018JC014470 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed 2019 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014470 2023-04-07T15:46:23Z Sea surface waves significantly affect the wind energy input to the Ekman layer in the upper ocean. In the study, we first incorporated the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing, the reduction of wind stress caused by wave generation, and wave dissipation into the classical Ekman model to investigate the kinetic energy balance in the wave-affected Ekman layer. Then, both the theoretical steady state solution for the idealized condition and the nonsteady state solution for the realistic ocean were derived. Total energy input to the wave-affected Ekman layer includes the wind stress energy input and the wave-induced energy input. Based on the WAVEWATCH III model, the wave spectrum was simulated to represent realistic random directional wave conditions. The wind stress energy input and the wave-induced energy input to the wave-affected Ekman layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the period from 1988 to 2010 were then calculated. The annual mean total energy input in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region was 402.5 GW and the proportions of the wind stress energy input and the wave-induced energy input were, respectively, 85% and 15%. Particularly, total energy input in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the wave-affected Ekman layer model was 59.8% lower than that in the classical Ekman model. We conclude that surface waves play a significant role in the wind energy input to the Ekman layer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Antarctic The Antarctic Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124 5 3393 3410 |
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Open Polar |
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OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Sea surface waves significantly affect the wind energy input to the Ekman layer in the upper ocean. In the study, we first incorporated the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing, the reduction of wind stress caused by wave generation, and wave dissipation into the classical Ekman model to investigate the kinetic energy balance in the wave-affected Ekman layer. Then, both the theoretical steady state solution for the idealized condition and the nonsteady state solution for the realistic ocean were derived. Total energy input to the wave-affected Ekman layer includes the wind stress energy input and the wave-induced energy input. Based on the WAVEWATCH III model, the wave spectrum was simulated to represent realistic random directional wave conditions. The wind stress energy input and the wave-induced energy input to the wave-affected Ekman layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the period from 1988 to 2010 were then calculated. The annual mean total energy input in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region was 402.5 GW and the proportions of the wind stress energy input and the wave-induced energy input were, respectively, 85% and 15%. Particularly, total energy input in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the wave-affected Ekman layer model was 59.8% lower than that in the classical Ekman model. We conclude that surface waves play a significant role in the wind energy input to the Ekman layer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zhang, Yuming Song, Zhaoyang Wu, Kejian Shi, Yongfang |
spellingShingle |
Zhang, Yuming Song, Zhaoyang Wu, Kejian Shi, Yongfang Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region |
author_facet |
Zhang, Yuming Song, Zhaoyang Wu, Kejian Shi, Yongfang |
author_sort |
Zhang, Yuming |
title |
Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region |
title_short |
Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region |
title_full |
Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region |
title_fullStr |
Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region |
title_sort |
influences of random surface waves on the estimates of wind energy input to the ekman layer in the antarctic circumpolar current region |
publisher |
AGU (American Geophysical Union) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/47026/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/47026/1/Zhang_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Oceans.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014470 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/47026/1/Zhang_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Oceans.pdf Zhang, Y. , Song, Z. , Wu, K. and Shi, Y. (2019) Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region. Open Access Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124 (5). pp. 3393-3410. DOI 10.1029/2018JC014470 <https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014470>. doi:10.1029/2018JC014470 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014470 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
124 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
3393 |
op_container_end_page |
3410 |
_version_ |
1766285298245828608 |