An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes
Highlights: • We compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean–sea ice models. • There is a large spread in temperature bias in the Arctic Ocean between the models. • Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of Atlantic Water. • Dense outflows formed on Arctic shelves are...
Published in: | Ocean Modelling |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2016
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/1/1-s2.0-S1463500316000238-main.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 |
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Open Polar |
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OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
op_collection_id |
ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Highlights: • We compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean–sea ice models. • There is a large spread in temperature bias in the Arctic Ocean between the models. • Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of Atlantic Water. • Dense outflows formed on Arctic shelves are not captured accurately in the models. In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ilıcak, Mehmet Drange, Helge Wang, Qiang Gerdes, Rüdiger Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Böning, Claus W. Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona George Nurser, A. J. Roth, Christina Salas y Mélia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. |
spellingShingle |
Ilıcak, Mehmet Drange, Helge Wang, Qiang Gerdes, Rüdiger Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Böning, Claus W. Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona George Nurser, A. J. Roth, Christina Salas y Mélia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes |
author_facet |
Ilıcak, Mehmet Drange, Helge Wang, Qiang Gerdes, Rüdiger Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Böning, Claus W. Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona George Nurser, A. J. Roth, Christina Salas y Mélia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. |
author_sort |
Ilıcak, Mehmet |
title |
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes |
title_short |
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes |
title_full |
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes |
title_fullStr |
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes |
title_full_unstemmed |
An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes |
title_sort |
assessment of the arctic ocean in a suite of interannual core-ii simulations. part iii: hydrography and fluxes |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/1/1-s2.0-S1463500316000238-main.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Bering Strait |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Bering Strait |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Bering Strait Davis Strait Fram Strait Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Bering Strait Davis Strait Fram Strait Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/1/1-s2.0-S1463500316000238-main.pdf Ilıcak, M. , Drange, H., Wang, Q., Gerdes, R., Aksenov, Y., Bailey, D., Bentsen, M., Biastoch, A. , Bozec, A., Böning, C. W. , Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Coward, A. C., Curry, B., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Fernandez, E., Fogli, P. G., Fujii, Y., Griffies, S. M., Iovino, D., Jahn, A., Jung, T., Large, W. G., Lee, C., Lique, C., Lu, J., Masina, S., George Nurser, A. J., Roth, C., Salas y Mélia, D., Samuels, B. L., Spence, P., Tsujino, H., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A., Wang, X. and Yeager, S. G. (2016) An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes. Open Access Ocean Modelling, 100 . pp. 141-161. DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004>. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 |
op_rights |
cc_by_4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 |
container_title |
Ocean Modelling |
container_volume |
100 |
container_start_page |
141 |
op_container_end_page |
161 |
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1766302268827631616 |
spelling |
ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:32196 2023-05-15T14:28:07+02:00 An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes Ilıcak, Mehmet Drange, Helge Wang, Qiang Gerdes, Rüdiger Aksenov, Yevgeny Bailey, David Bentsen, Mats Biastoch, Arne Bozec, Alexandra Böning, Claus W. Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Curry, Beth Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Iovino, Doroteaciro Jahn, Alexandra Jung, Thomas Large, William G. Lee, Craig Lique, Camille Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona George Nurser, A. J. Roth, Christina Salas y Mélia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wang, Xuezhu Yeager, Steve G. 2016-04 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/1/1-s2.0-S1463500316000238-main.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 en eng Elsevier https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/32196/1/1-s2.0-S1463500316000238-main.pdf Ilıcak, M. , Drange, H., Wang, Q., Gerdes, R., Aksenov, Y., Bailey, D., Bentsen, M., Biastoch, A. , Bozec, A., Böning, C. W. , Cassou, C., Chassignet, E., Coward, A. C., Curry, B., Danabasoglu, G., Danilov, S., Fernandez, E., Fogli, P. G., Fujii, Y., Griffies, S. M., Iovino, D., Jahn, A., Jung, T., Large, W. G., Lee, C., Lique, C., Lu, J., Masina, S., George Nurser, A. J., Roth, C., Salas y Mélia, D., Samuels, B. L., Spence, P., Tsujino, H., Valcke, S., Voldoire, A., Wang, X. and Yeager, S. G. (2016) An assessment of the Arctic Ocean in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Part III: Hydrography and fluxes. Open Access Ocean Modelling, 100 . pp. 141-161. DOI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004>. doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 cc_by_4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2016 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.004 2023-04-07T15:25:02Z Highlights: • We compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean–sea ice models. • There is a large spread in temperature bias in the Arctic Ocean between the models. • Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of Atlantic Water. • Dense outflows formed on Arctic shelves are not captured accurately in the models. In this paper we compare the simulated Arctic Ocean in 15 global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase II (CORE-II). Most of these models are the ocean and sea-ice components of the coupled climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments. We mainly focus on the hydrography of the Arctic interior, the state of Atlantic Water layer and heat and volume transports at the gateways of the Davis Strait, the Bering Strait, the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. We found that there is a large spread in temperature in the Arctic Ocean between the models, and generally large differences compared to the observed temperature at intermediate depths. Warm bias models have a strong temperature anomaly of inflow of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait. Another process that is not represented accurately in the CORE-II models is the formation of cold and dense water, originating on the eastern shelves. In the cold bias models, excessive cold water forms in the Barents Sea and spreads into the Arctic Ocean through the St. Anna Through. There is a large spread in the simulated mean heat and volume transports through the Fram Strait and the Barents Sea Opening. The models agree more on the decadal variability, to a large degree dictated by the common atmospheric forcing. We conclude that the CORE-II model study helps us to understand the crucial biases in the Arctic Ocean. The current coarse resolution state-of-the-art ocean models need to be improved in accurate representation of the Atlantic Water inflow into the Arctic and density currents coming from the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Bering Strait Davis Strait Fram Strait Sea ice OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Bering Strait Ocean Modelling 100 141 161 |