Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus
Global mean surface warming has stalled since the end of the twentieth century1, 2, but the net radiation imbalance at the top of the atmosphere continues to suggest an increasingly warming planet. This apparent contradiction has been reconciled by an anomalous heat flux into the ocean3, 4, 5, 6, 7,...
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/2/ngeo2438-s1.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/3/pm_2015_23_indo-pacific_en.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/19/ngeo2438.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:28807 2023-05-15T18:18:31+02:00 Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus Lee, Sang-Ki Park, Wonsun Baringer, Molly O. Gordon, Arnold L. Huber, Bruce Liu, Yanyun 2015-05-18 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/2/ngeo2438-s1.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/3/pm_2015_23_indo-pacific_en.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/19/ngeo2438.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438 en eng Nature Publishing Group https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/2/ngeo2438-s1.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/3/pm_2015_23_indo-pacific_en.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/19/ngeo2438.pdf Lee, S. K., Park, W. , Baringer, M. O., Gordon, A. L., Huber, B. and Liu, Y. (2015) Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus. Nature Geoscience, 8 (6). pp. 445-449. DOI 10.1038/ngeo2438 <https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438>. doi:10.1038/ngeo2438 cc_by_3.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Article PeerReviewed 2015 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438 2023-04-07T15:19:21Z Global mean surface warming has stalled since the end of the twentieth century1, 2, but the net radiation imbalance at the top of the atmosphere continues to suggest an increasingly warming planet. This apparent contradiction has been reconciled by an anomalous heat flux into the ocean3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, induced by a shift towards a La Niña-like state with cold sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific over the past decade or so. A significant portion of the heat missing from the atmosphere is therefore expected to be stored in the Pacific Ocean. However, in situ hydrographic records indicate that Pacific Ocean heat content has been decreasing9. Here, we analyse observations along with simulations from a global ocean–sea ice model to track the pathway of heat. We find that the enhanced heat uptake by the Pacific Ocean has been compensated by an increased heat transport from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, carried by the Indonesian throughflow. As a result, Indian Ocean heat content has increased abruptly, which accounts for more than 70% of the global ocean heat gain in the upper 700 m during the past decade. We conclude that the Indian Ocean has become increasingly important in modulating global climate variability. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Indian Pacific Nature Geoscience 8 6 445 449 |
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Open Polar |
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OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Global mean surface warming has stalled since the end of the twentieth century1, 2, but the net radiation imbalance at the top of the atmosphere continues to suggest an increasingly warming planet. This apparent contradiction has been reconciled by an anomalous heat flux into the ocean3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, induced by a shift towards a La Niña-like state with cold sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific over the past decade or so. A significant portion of the heat missing from the atmosphere is therefore expected to be stored in the Pacific Ocean. However, in situ hydrographic records indicate that Pacific Ocean heat content has been decreasing9. Here, we analyse observations along with simulations from a global ocean–sea ice model to track the pathway of heat. We find that the enhanced heat uptake by the Pacific Ocean has been compensated by an increased heat transport from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, carried by the Indonesian throughflow. As a result, Indian Ocean heat content has increased abruptly, which accounts for more than 70% of the global ocean heat gain in the upper 700 m during the past decade. We conclude that the Indian Ocean has become increasingly important in modulating global climate variability. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lee, Sang-Ki Park, Wonsun Baringer, Molly O. Gordon, Arnold L. Huber, Bruce Liu, Yanyun |
spellingShingle |
Lee, Sang-Ki Park, Wonsun Baringer, Molly O. Gordon, Arnold L. Huber, Bruce Liu, Yanyun Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
author_facet |
Lee, Sang-Ki Park, Wonsun Baringer, Molly O. Gordon, Arnold L. Huber, Bruce Liu, Yanyun |
author_sort |
Lee, Sang-Ki |
title |
Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
title_short |
Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
title_full |
Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
title_fullStr |
Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
title_sort |
pacific origin of the abrupt increase in indian ocean heat content during the warming hiatus |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/2/ngeo2438-s1.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/3/pm_2015_23_indo-pacific_en.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/19/ngeo2438.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438 |
geographic |
Indian Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Indian Pacific |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/2/ngeo2438-s1.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/3/pm_2015_23_indo-pacific_en.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28807/19/ngeo2438.pdf Lee, S. K., Park, W. , Baringer, M. O., Gordon, A. L., Huber, B. and Liu, Y. (2015) Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus. Nature Geoscience, 8 (6). pp. 445-449. DOI 10.1038/ngeo2438 <https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438>. doi:10.1038/ngeo2438 |
op_rights |
cc_by_3.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438 |
container_title |
Nature Geoscience |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
445 |
op_container_end_page |
449 |
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1766195121730093056 |