A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer
The one-dimensional snow model SNTHERM is validated using field measurements of snow and superimposed ice thickness and surface energy fluxes. These were performed during the spring-to-summer transition in Svalbard and in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Both the seasonal snow-thickness decrease and the...
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International Glaciological Society
2006
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/1/Nicolaus_et_al_2006_Annals-of-Glaciaology.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:28502 2023-05-15T13:29:45+02:00 A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, Sascha 2006 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/1/Nicolaus_et_al_2006_Annals-of-Glaciaology.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312 en eng International Glaciological Society https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/1/Nicolaus_et_al_2006_Annals-of-Glaciaology.pdf Nicolaus, M., Haas, C., Bareiss, J. and Willmes, S. (2006) A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer. Annals of Glaciology, 44 (1). pp. 147-153. DOI 10.3189/172756406781811312 <https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312>. doi:10.3189/172756406781811312 Article PeerReviewed 2006 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312 2023-04-07T15:18:57Z The one-dimensional snow model SNTHERM is validated using field measurements of snow and superimposed ice thickness and surface energy fluxes. These were performed during the spring-to-summer transition in Svalbard and in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Both the seasonal snow-thickness decrease and the formation of superimposed ice are well reproduced by the model. During the three observation periods, observed and modeled snow thickness differ only by 13.1–27.1mm on average. In regional studies, the model is forced with atmospheric re-analysis data (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and applied to several meridional transects across the Arctic and Southern Ocean. These show fundamental regional differences in the onset, duration and magnitude of snow thinning in summer. In the central Arctic, snowmelt onset occurs within a narrow time range of +-11 days and without significant regional differences. In contrast, the snow cover on Antarctic sea ice begins to melt about 25days earlier and the length of the Antarctic snow-thinning season increases with increasing latitude. The importance of melting and evaporation for the modeled snow-thickness decrease is very different in the two hemispheres. The ratio of evaporated snow mass to melted snow mass per unit area is derived from the model, and amounts to approximately 4.2 in the Antarctic and only 0.75 in the Arctic. This agrees with observations and model results of the surface energy balance, and illustrates the dominance of surface cooling by upward turbulent fluxes in the Antarctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Svalbard Weddell Sea OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Svalbard The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Annals of Glaciology 44 147 153 |
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Open Polar |
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OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
The one-dimensional snow model SNTHERM is validated using field measurements of snow and superimposed ice thickness and surface energy fluxes. These were performed during the spring-to-summer transition in Svalbard and in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Both the seasonal snow-thickness decrease and the formation of superimposed ice are well reproduced by the model. During the three observation periods, observed and modeled snow thickness differ only by 13.1–27.1mm on average. In regional studies, the model is forced with atmospheric re-analysis data (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and applied to several meridional transects across the Arctic and Southern Ocean. These show fundamental regional differences in the onset, duration and magnitude of snow thinning in summer. In the central Arctic, snowmelt onset occurs within a narrow time range of +-11 days and without significant regional differences. In contrast, the snow cover on Antarctic sea ice begins to melt about 25days earlier and the length of the Antarctic snow-thinning season increases with increasing latitude. The importance of melting and evaporation for the modeled snow-thickness decrease is very different in the two hemispheres. The ratio of evaporated snow mass to melted snow mass per unit area is derived from the model, and amounts to approximately 4.2 in the Antarctic and only 0.75 in the Arctic. This agrees with observations and model results of the surface energy balance, and illustrates the dominance of surface cooling by upward turbulent fluxes in the Antarctic. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, Sascha |
spellingShingle |
Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, Sascha A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
author_facet |
Nicolaus, Marcel Haas, Christian Bareiss, Jörg Willmes, Sascha |
author_sort |
Nicolaus, Marcel |
title |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_short |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_full |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_fullStr |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
title_sort |
model study of differences of snow thinning on arctic and antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer |
publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/1/Nicolaus_et_al_2006_Annals-of-Glaciaology.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Svalbard The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Svalbard The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Svalbard Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Arctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Svalbard Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/28502/1/Nicolaus_et_al_2006_Annals-of-Glaciaology.pdf Nicolaus, M., Haas, C., Bareiss, J. and Willmes, S. (2006) A model study of differences of snow thinning on Arctic and Antarctic first-year sea ice during spring and summer. Annals of Glaciology, 44 (1). pp. 147-153. DOI 10.3189/172756406781811312 <https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312>. doi:10.3189/172756406781811312 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811312 |
container_title |
Annals of Glaciology |
container_volume |
44 |
container_start_page |
147 |
op_container_end_page |
153 |
_version_ |
1766002577685610496 |