Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide
Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3)...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications (EGU)
2013
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/2/SUPPLEMENT_ADDITIONAL_MATERIAL.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/3/SUPPLEMENT_ATMOSPHERE.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/4/SUPPLEMENT_OCEAN.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/25/acp-13-8915-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:20688 |
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OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere is based on observations and modeling studies using low resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt database (https://halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surface concentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal, shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemical characteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmosphere data are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated onto a 1° × 1° grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal and longitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds' distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for the ocean and atmosphere, global concentration gradients and sea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate a total global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr−1 for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr−1 for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol I yr−1 for CH3I (Robust Fit/Ordinary Least Square regression technique). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxes occur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic region. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in the equatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in the subtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is contained within our calculations for all three compounds. Compared to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ziska, Franziska Quack, Birgit Abrahamsson, K. Archer, S. D. Atlas, E. Bell, T. Butler, J. H. Carpenter, L. J. Jones, C. E. Harris, N. R. P. Hepach, Helmke Heumann, K. G. Hughes, C. Kuss, J. Krüger, Kirstin Liss, P. Moore, R. M. Orlikowska, A. Raimund, S. Reeves, C. E. Reifenhäuser, W. Robinson, A. D. Schall, C. Tanhua, Toste Tegtmeier, Susann Turner, S. Wang, L. Wallace, Douglas W.R. Williams, J. Yamamoto, H. Yvon-Lewis, S. Yokouchi, Y. |
spellingShingle |
Ziska, Franziska Quack, Birgit Abrahamsson, K. Archer, S. D. Atlas, E. Bell, T. Butler, J. H. Carpenter, L. J. Jones, C. E. Harris, N. R. P. Hepach, Helmke Heumann, K. G. Hughes, C. Kuss, J. Krüger, Kirstin Liss, P. Moore, R. M. Orlikowska, A. Raimund, S. Reeves, C. E. Reifenhäuser, W. Robinson, A. D. Schall, C. Tanhua, Toste Tegtmeier, Susann Turner, S. Wang, L. Wallace, Douglas W.R. Williams, J. Yamamoto, H. Yvon-Lewis, S. Yokouchi, Y. Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
author_facet |
Ziska, Franziska Quack, Birgit Abrahamsson, K. Archer, S. D. Atlas, E. Bell, T. Butler, J. H. Carpenter, L. J. Jones, C. E. Harris, N. R. P. Hepach, Helmke Heumann, K. G. Hughes, C. Kuss, J. Krüger, Kirstin Liss, P. Moore, R. M. Orlikowska, A. Raimund, S. Reeves, C. E. Reifenhäuser, W. Robinson, A. D. Schall, C. Tanhua, Toste Tegtmeier, Susann Turner, S. Wang, L. Wallace, Douglas W.R. Williams, J. Yamamoto, H. Yvon-Lewis, S. Yokouchi, Y. |
author_sort |
Ziska, Franziska |
title |
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
title_short |
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
title_full |
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
title_fullStr |
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
title_sort |
global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications (EGU) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/2/SUPPLEMENT_ADDITIONAL_MATERIAL.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/3/SUPPLEMENT_ATMOSPHERE.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/4/SUPPLEMENT_OCEAN.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/25/acp-13-8915-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/2/SUPPLEMENT_ADDITIONAL_MATERIAL.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/3/SUPPLEMENT_ATMOSPHERE.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/4/SUPPLEMENT_OCEAN.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/25/acp-13-8915-2013.pdf Ziska, F., Quack, B., Abrahamsson, K., Archer, S. D., Atlas, E., Bell, T., Butler, J. H., Carpenter, L. J., Jones, C. E., Harris, N. R. P., Hepach, H. , Heumann, K. G., Hughes, C., Kuss, J., Krüger, K., Liss, P., Moore, R. M., Orlikowska, A., Raimund, S., Reeves, C. E., Reifenhäuser, W., Robinson, A. D., Schall, C., Tanhua, T. , Tegtmeier, S., Turner, S., Wang, L., Wallace, D. W. R., Williams, J., Yamamoto, H., Yvon-Lewis, S. and Yokouchi, Y. (2013) Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide. Open Access Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13 (2). pp. 8915-8934. DOI 10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013>. doi:10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 |
op_rights |
cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
8915 |
op_container_end_page |
8934 |
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1766273202143625216 |
spelling |
ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:20688 2023-05-15T14:02:47+02:00 Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide Ziska, Franziska Quack, Birgit Abrahamsson, K. Archer, S. D. Atlas, E. Bell, T. Butler, J. H. Carpenter, L. J. Jones, C. E. Harris, N. R. P. Hepach, Helmke Heumann, K. G. Hughes, C. Kuss, J. Krüger, Kirstin Liss, P. Moore, R. M. Orlikowska, A. Raimund, S. Reeves, C. E. Reifenhäuser, W. Robinson, A. D. Schall, C. Tanhua, Toste Tegtmeier, Susann Turner, S. Wang, L. Wallace, Douglas W.R. Williams, J. Yamamoto, H. Yvon-Lewis, S. Yokouchi, Y. 2013 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/2/SUPPLEMENT_ADDITIONAL_MATERIAL.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/3/SUPPLEMENT_ATMOSPHERE.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/4/SUPPLEMENT_OCEAN.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/25/acp-13-8915-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 en eng Copernicus Publications (EGU) https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/2/SUPPLEMENT_ADDITIONAL_MATERIAL.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/3/SUPPLEMENT_ATMOSPHERE.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/4/SUPPLEMENT_OCEAN.pdf https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/20688/25/acp-13-8915-2013.pdf Ziska, F., Quack, B., Abrahamsson, K., Archer, S. D., Atlas, E., Bell, T., Butler, J. H., Carpenter, L. J., Jones, C. E., Harris, N. R. P., Hepach, H. , Heumann, K. G., Hughes, C., Kuss, J., Krüger, K., Liss, P., Moore, R. M., Orlikowska, A., Raimund, S., Reeves, C. E., Reifenhäuser, W., Robinson, A. D., Schall, C., Tanhua, T. , Tegtmeier, S., Turner, S., Wang, L., Wallace, D. W. R., Williams, J., Yamamoto, H., Yvon-Lewis, S. and Yokouchi, Y. (2013) Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide. Open Access Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13 (2). pp. 8915-8934. DOI 10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 <https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013>. doi:10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2013 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 2023-04-07T15:08:07Z Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere is based on observations and modeling studies using low resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt database (https://halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surface concentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal, shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemical characteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmosphere data are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated onto a 1° × 1° grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal and longitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds' distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for the ocean and atmosphere, global concentration gradients and sea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate a total global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr−1 for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr−1 for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol I yr−1 for CH3I (Robust Fit/Ordinary Least Square regression technique). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxes occur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic region. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in the equatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in the subtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is contained within our calculations for all three compounds. Compared to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Antarctic Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13 17 8915 8934 |