Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification
Calcifying echinoid larvae respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry with reduced growth and developmental delay. To date, no information exists on how ocean acidification acts on pH homeostasis in echinoderm larvae. Understanding acid–base regulatory capacities is important because intrace...
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National Academy of Sciences
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Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/1/18192.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109 |
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ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:19188 2023-05-15T17:50:38+02:00 Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification Stumpp, Meike Hu, Marian Yong-An Melzner, Frank Gutowska, Magdalena Dorey, N. Himmerkus, Nina Holtmann, Wiebke C. Dupont, S. T. Thorndyke, M. C. Bleich, Markus 2012 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/1/18192.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109 en eng National Academy of Sciences https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/1/18192.full.pdf Stumpp, M., Hu, M. Y. A., Melzner, F. , Gutowska, M., Dorey, N., Himmerkus, N., Holtmann, W. C., Dupont, S. T., Thorndyke, M. C. and Bleich, M. (2012) Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109 (44). pp. 18192-18197. DOI 10.1073/pnas.1209174109 <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109>. doi:10.1073/pnas.1209174109 info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess Article PeerReviewed 2012 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109 2023-04-07T15:05:59Z Calcifying echinoid larvae respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry with reduced growth and developmental delay. To date, no information exists on how ocean acidification acts on pH homeostasis in echinoderm larvae. Understanding acid–base regulatory capacities is important because intracellular formation and maintenance of the calcium carbonate skeleton is dependent on pH homeostasis. Using H+-selective microelectrodes and the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF, we conducted in vivo measurements of extracellular and intracellular pH (pHe and pHi) in echinoderm larvae. We exposed pluteus larvae to a range of seawater CO2 conditions and demonstrated that the extracellular compartment surrounding the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) conforms to the surrounding seawater with respect to pH during exposure to elevated seawater pCO2. Using FITC dextran conjugates, we demonstrate that sea urchin larvae have a leaky integument. PMCs and spicules are therefore directly exposed to strong changes in pHe whenever seawater pH changes. However, measurements of pHi demonstrated that PMCs are able to fully compensate an induced intracellular acidosis. This was highly dependent on Na+ and HCO3−, suggesting a bicarbonate buffer mechanism involving secondary active Na+-dependent membrane transport proteins. We suggest that, under ocean acidification, maintained pHi enables calcification to proceed despite decreased pHe. However, this probably causes enhanced costs. Increased costs for calcification or cellular homeostasis can be one of the main factors leading to modifications in energy partitioning, which then impacts growth and, ultimately, results in increased mortality of echinoid larvae during the pelagic life stage. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 44 18192 18197 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
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ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
Calcifying echinoid larvae respond to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry with reduced growth and developmental delay. To date, no information exists on how ocean acidification acts on pH homeostasis in echinoderm larvae. Understanding acid–base regulatory capacities is important because intracellular formation and maintenance of the calcium carbonate skeleton is dependent on pH homeostasis. Using H+-selective microelectrodes and the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF, we conducted in vivo measurements of extracellular and intracellular pH (pHe and pHi) in echinoderm larvae. We exposed pluteus larvae to a range of seawater CO2 conditions and demonstrated that the extracellular compartment surrounding the calcifying primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) conforms to the surrounding seawater with respect to pH during exposure to elevated seawater pCO2. Using FITC dextran conjugates, we demonstrate that sea urchin larvae have a leaky integument. PMCs and spicules are therefore directly exposed to strong changes in pHe whenever seawater pH changes. However, measurements of pHi demonstrated that PMCs are able to fully compensate an induced intracellular acidosis. This was highly dependent on Na+ and HCO3−, suggesting a bicarbonate buffer mechanism involving secondary active Na+-dependent membrane transport proteins. We suggest that, under ocean acidification, maintained pHi enables calcification to proceed despite decreased pHe. However, this probably causes enhanced costs. Increased costs for calcification or cellular homeostasis can be one of the main factors leading to modifications in energy partitioning, which then impacts growth and, ultimately, results in increased mortality of echinoid larvae during the pelagic life stage. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stumpp, Meike Hu, Marian Yong-An Melzner, Frank Gutowska, Magdalena Dorey, N. Himmerkus, Nina Holtmann, Wiebke C. Dupont, S. T. Thorndyke, M. C. Bleich, Markus |
spellingShingle |
Stumpp, Meike Hu, Marian Yong-An Melzner, Frank Gutowska, Magdalena Dorey, N. Himmerkus, Nina Holtmann, Wiebke C. Dupont, S. T. Thorndyke, M. C. Bleich, Markus Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
author_facet |
Stumpp, Meike Hu, Marian Yong-An Melzner, Frank Gutowska, Magdalena Dorey, N. Himmerkus, Nina Holtmann, Wiebke C. Dupont, S. T. Thorndyke, M. C. Bleich, Markus |
author_sort |
Stumpp, Meike |
title |
Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
title_short |
Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
title_full |
Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
title_fullStr |
Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
title_sort |
acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae ph regulatory systems relevant for calcification |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/1/18192.full.pdf https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/19188/1/18192.full.pdf Stumpp, M., Hu, M. Y. A., Melzner, F. , Gutowska, M., Dorey, N., Himmerkus, N., Holtmann, W. C., Dupont, S. T., Thorndyke, M. C. and Bleich, M. (2012) Acidified seawater impacts sea urchin larvae pH regulatory systems relevant for calcification. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109 (44). pp. 18192-18197. DOI 10.1073/pnas.1209174109 <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109>. doi:10.1073/pnas.1209174109 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209174109 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
109 |
container_issue |
44 |
container_start_page |
18192 |
op_container_end_page |
18197 |
_version_ |
1766157482727571456 |