Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla
In comparison with terrestrial plants the mechanistic knowledge of chemical defences is poor for marine macroalgae. This restricts our understanding in the chemically mediated interactions that take place between algae and other organisms. Technical advances such as metabolomics, however, enable new...
Published in: | PLoS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/1/journal.pone.0029359.pdf https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 |
id |
ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:13125 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftoceanrep:oai:oceanrep.geomar.de:13125 2023-05-15T17:35:06+02:00 Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla Nylund, Göran M. Weinberger, Florian Rempt, Martin Pohnert, Georg 2011 text https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/1/journal.pone.0029359.pdf https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 en eng Public Library of Science https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/1/journal.pone.0029359.pdf Nylund, G. M., Weinberger, F. , Rempt, M. and Pohnert, G. (2011) Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Open Access PLoS ONE, 6 (12). e29359. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359>. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 cc_by_3.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Article PeerReviewed 2011 ftoceanrep https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 2023-04-07T15:01:58Z In comparison with terrestrial plants the mechanistic knowledge of chemical defences is poor for marine macroalgae. This restricts our understanding in the chemically mediated interactions that take place between algae and other organisms. Technical advances such as metabolomics, however, enable new approaches towards the characterisation of the chemically mediated interactions of organisms with their environment. We address defence responses in the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla using mass spectrometry based metabolomics in combination with bioassays. Being invasive in the north Atlantic this alga is likely to possess chemical defences according to the prediction that well-defended exotics are most likely to become successful invaders in systems dominated by generalist grazers, such as marine macroalgal communities. We investigated the effect of intense herbivore feeding and simulated herbivory by mechanical wounding of the algae. Both processes led to similar changes in the metabolic profile. Feeding experiments with the generalist isopod grazer Idotea baltica showed that mechanical wounding caused a significant increase in grazer resistance. Structure elucidation of the metabolites of which some were up-regulated more than 100 times in the wounded tissue, revealed known and novel eicosanoids as major components. Among these were prostaglandins, hydroxylated fatty acids and arachidonic acid derived conjugated lactones. Bioassays with pure metabolites showed that these eicosanoids are part of the innate defence system of macroalgae, similarly to animal systems. In accordance with an induced defence mechanism application of extracts from wounded tissue caused a significant increase in grazer resistance and the up-regulation of other pathways than in the activated defence. Thus, this study suggests that G. vermiculophylla chemically deters herbivory by two lines of defence, a rapid wound-activated process followed by a slower inducible defence. By unravelling involved pathways using metabolomics this work ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) PLoS ONE 6 12 e29359 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
OceanRep (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre für Ocean Research Kiel) |
op_collection_id |
ftoceanrep |
language |
English |
description |
In comparison with terrestrial plants the mechanistic knowledge of chemical defences is poor for marine macroalgae. This restricts our understanding in the chemically mediated interactions that take place between algae and other organisms. Technical advances such as metabolomics, however, enable new approaches towards the characterisation of the chemically mediated interactions of organisms with their environment. We address defence responses in the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla using mass spectrometry based metabolomics in combination with bioassays. Being invasive in the north Atlantic this alga is likely to possess chemical defences according to the prediction that well-defended exotics are most likely to become successful invaders in systems dominated by generalist grazers, such as marine macroalgal communities. We investigated the effect of intense herbivore feeding and simulated herbivory by mechanical wounding of the algae. Both processes led to similar changes in the metabolic profile. Feeding experiments with the generalist isopod grazer Idotea baltica showed that mechanical wounding caused a significant increase in grazer resistance. Structure elucidation of the metabolites of which some were up-regulated more than 100 times in the wounded tissue, revealed known and novel eicosanoids as major components. Among these were prostaglandins, hydroxylated fatty acids and arachidonic acid derived conjugated lactones. Bioassays with pure metabolites showed that these eicosanoids are part of the innate defence system of macroalgae, similarly to animal systems. In accordance with an induced defence mechanism application of extracts from wounded tissue caused a significant increase in grazer resistance and the up-regulation of other pathways than in the activated defence. Thus, this study suggests that G. vermiculophylla chemically deters herbivory by two lines of defence, a rapid wound-activated process followed by a slower inducible defence. By unravelling involved pathways using metabolomics this work ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nylund, Göran M. Weinberger, Florian Rempt, Martin Pohnert, Georg |
spellingShingle |
Nylund, Göran M. Weinberger, Florian Rempt, Martin Pohnert, Georg Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
author_facet |
Nylund, Göran M. Weinberger, Florian Rempt, Martin Pohnert, Georg |
author_sort |
Nylund, Göran M. |
title |
Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_short |
Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_full |
Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_fullStr |
Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla |
title_sort |
metabolomic assessment of induced and activated chemical defence in the invasive red alga gracilaria vermiculophylla |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/ https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/1/journal.pone.0029359.pdf https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/13125/1/journal.pone.0029359.pdf Nylund, G. M., Weinberger, F. , Rempt, M. and Pohnert, G. (2011) Metabolomic Assessment of Induced and Activated Chemical Defence in the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Open Access PLoS ONE, 6 (12). e29359. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359>. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 |
op_rights |
cc_by_3.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029359 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e29359 |
_version_ |
1766134143576440832 |