Brackish meltponds on Arctic sea ice - a new habitat for marine metazoans

• Published in: Polar Biology
• Main Authors: Kramer, Maike, Kiko, Rainer
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer 2011
• Subjects: Arctic; Rotten; Foraminifera*; Global warming; Polar Biology; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/10132/; https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/10132/1/PolBiol.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0911-z

Meltponds on Arctic sea ice have previously been reported to be devoid of marine metazoans due to fresh-water conditions. The predominantly dark frequently also green and brownish meltponds observed in the Central Arctic in summer 2007 hinted to brackish conditions and considerable amounts of algae, possibly making the habitat suitable for marine metazoans. Environmental conditions in meltponds as well as sympagic meiofauna in new ice covering pond surfaces and in rotten ice on the bottom of ponds were studied, applying modified techniques from sea-ice and under-ice research. Due to the very porous structure of the rotten ice, the meltponds were usually brackish to saline, providing living conditions very similar to sub-ice water. The new ice cover on the surface had similar characteristics as the bottom layer of level ice. The ponds were thus accessible to and inhabitable by metazoans. The new ice cover and the rotten ice were inhabited by various sympagic meiofauna taxa, predominantly ciliates, rotifers, acoels, nematodes and foraminiferans. Also, sympagic amphipods were found on the bottom of meltponds. We suggest that, in consequence of global warming, brackish and saline meltponds are becoming more frequent in the Arctic, providing a new habitat to marine metazoans.