Catches of Humpback Whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, by the Soviet Union and Other Nations in the Southern Ocean, 1947–1973

• Main Authors: Clapham, Phil, Mikhalev, Yuri, Franklin, Wally, Paton, David, Baker, C. Scott, Ivashchenko, Yulia V., Brownell, Jr. , Robert L.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Conservation; Fisheries; Management; Antarctic; New Zealand; Southern Ocean; Antarc*; Megaptera novaeangliae
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/26307

From 1947 to 1973, the U.S.S.R. conducted a huge campaign ofillegal whaling worldwide. We review Soviet catches of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the SouthernOcean during this period, with an emphasis on the International Whaling Commission’s Antarctic Management Areas IV, V, and VI (the principal regions of illegalSoviet whaling on this species, south of Australia and western Oceania). Where possible, we summarize legal and illegal Soviet catches by year, Management Area, and factory fleet, and also include information on takes by other nations. Soviet humpback catches between 1947 and 1973totaled 48,702 and break down as follows: 649 (Area I), 1,412 (Area II), 921 (Area III), 8,779 (Area IV), 22,569 (Area V), and 7,195 (Area VI), with 7,177 catches notcurrently assignable to area.In all, at least 72,542 humpback whales were killed by all operations (Soviet plus other nations) after World War II in Areas IV (27,201), V (38,146), and VI (7,195). More than one-third of these (25,474 whales, of which 25,192 came from Areas V and VI) were taken in just two seasons,1959–60 and 1960–61. The impact of these takes, and of those from Area IV in the late 1950’s, is evident in the sometimes dramatic declines in catches at shore stationsin Australia, New Zealand, and at Norfolk Island.When compared to recent estimates of abundance and initial population size, the large removals from Areas IV and V indicate that the populations in these regions remain well below pre-exploitation levels despite reported strong growth rates off eastern and western Australia. Populationsin many areas of Oceania continue to be small, indicating that the catches from Area VI and eastern Area V had long-term impacts on recovery.