Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre
The Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of...
Published in: | Nature Communications |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3081771 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 |
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3081771 2023-08-27T04:05:20+02:00 Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre Moreau, Sebastian Hattermann, Tore de Steur, Laura Kauko, Hanna Maria Ahonen, Heidi Ardelan, Murat van Assmy, Philipp Chierici, Melissa Descamps, Sebastien Dinter, Tilman Falkenhaug, Tone Fransson, Agneta Grønningsæter, Eirik Hallfredsson, Elvar Halldor Huhn, Oliver Lebrun, Anais Lowther, Andrew Lübcker, Nico Monteiro, Pedro Peeken, Ilka Roychoudhury, Alakendra Różańska, Magdalena Ryan-Keogh, Thomas Sanchez Puerto, Nicolas Singh, Asmita Simonsen, Jan Henrik Steiger, Nadine Thomalla, Sandy J. van Tonder, Andre Wiktor, Josef M Steen, Harald 2023 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3081771 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 eng eng Nature Nature Communications. 2023, 14 . urn:issn:2041-1723 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3081771 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 cristin:2137051 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no 12 14 Nature Communications Peer reviewed Journal article 2023 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 2023-08-02T22:46:01Z The Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of the eastern Weddell Gyre. Over its 2.5 months duration, the bloom accumulated up to 20 g C m−2 of organic matter, which is unusually high for Southern Ocean open waters. We show that, over 1997–2019, this open ocean bloom was likely driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of Warm Deep Water enriched in hydrothermal iron and, possibly, other iron sources. This recurring open ocean bloom likely facilitates enhanced carbon export and sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and baleen whales. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill baleen whales Sea ice Southern Ocean NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Nature Communications 14 1 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
The Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of the eastern Weddell Gyre. Over its 2.5 months duration, the bloom accumulated up to 20 g C m−2 of organic matter, which is unusually high for Southern Ocean open waters. We show that, over 1997–2019, this open ocean bloom was likely driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of Warm Deep Water enriched in hydrothermal iron and, possibly, other iron sources. This recurring open ocean bloom likely facilitates enhanced carbon export and sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and baleen whales. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Moreau, Sebastian Hattermann, Tore de Steur, Laura Kauko, Hanna Maria Ahonen, Heidi Ardelan, Murat van Assmy, Philipp Chierici, Melissa Descamps, Sebastien Dinter, Tilman Falkenhaug, Tone Fransson, Agneta Grønningsæter, Eirik Hallfredsson, Elvar Halldor Huhn, Oliver Lebrun, Anais Lowther, Andrew Lübcker, Nico Monteiro, Pedro Peeken, Ilka Roychoudhury, Alakendra Różańska, Magdalena Ryan-Keogh, Thomas Sanchez Puerto, Nicolas Singh, Asmita Simonsen, Jan Henrik Steiger, Nadine Thomalla, Sandy J. van Tonder, Andre Wiktor, Josef M Steen, Harald |
spellingShingle |
Moreau, Sebastian Hattermann, Tore de Steur, Laura Kauko, Hanna Maria Ahonen, Heidi Ardelan, Murat van Assmy, Philipp Chierici, Melissa Descamps, Sebastien Dinter, Tilman Falkenhaug, Tone Fransson, Agneta Grønningsæter, Eirik Hallfredsson, Elvar Halldor Huhn, Oliver Lebrun, Anais Lowther, Andrew Lübcker, Nico Monteiro, Pedro Peeken, Ilka Roychoudhury, Alakendra Różańska, Magdalena Ryan-Keogh, Thomas Sanchez Puerto, Nicolas Singh, Asmita Simonsen, Jan Henrik Steiger, Nadine Thomalla, Sandy J. van Tonder, Andre Wiktor, Josef M Steen, Harald Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre |
author_facet |
Moreau, Sebastian Hattermann, Tore de Steur, Laura Kauko, Hanna Maria Ahonen, Heidi Ardelan, Murat van Assmy, Philipp Chierici, Melissa Descamps, Sebastien Dinter, Tilman Falkenhaug, Tone Fransson, Agneta Grønningsæter, Eirik Hallfredsson, Elvar Halldor Huhn, Oliver Lebrun, Anais Lowther, Andrew Lübcker, Nico Monteiro, Pedro Peeken, Ilka Roychoudhury, Alakendra Różańska, Magdalena Ryan-Keogh, Thomas Sanchez Puerto, Nicolas Singh, Asmita Simonsen, Jan Henrik Steiger, Nadine Thomalla, Sandy J. van Tonder, Andre Wiktor, Josef M Steen, Harald |
author_sort |
Moreau, Sebastian |
title |
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre |
title_short |
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre |
title_full |
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre |
title_fullStr |
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre |
title_sort |
wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern weddell gyre |
publisher |
Nature |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3081771 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill baleen whales Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill baleen whales Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
12 14 Nature Communications |
op_relation |
Nature Communications. 2023, 14 . urn:issn:2041-1723 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3081771 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 cristin:2137051 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36992-1 |
container_title |
Nature Communications |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1775357015186472960 |