Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses
The roles of host-associated bacteria have gained attention lately, and we now recognise that the microbiota is essential in processes such as digestion, development of the immune system and gut function. In this study, Atlantic cod larvae were reared under germ-free, gnotobiotic and conventional co...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3035403 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 |
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3035403 2023-05-15T15:27:14+02:00 Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Forberg, Torunn Luef, Birgit Bakke, Ingrid Winge, Per Olsen, Yngvar Vadstein, Olav 2022 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3035403 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 eng eng MDPI Microorganisms. 2022, 10 (1), . urn:issn:2076-2607 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3035403 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 cristin:2016599 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY 0 10 Microorganisms 1 Journal article Peer reviewed 2022 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 2022-12-07T23:42:41Z The roles of host-associated bacteria have gained attention lately, and we now recognise that the microbiota is essential in processes such as digestion, development of the immune system and gut function. In this study, Atlantic cod larvae were reared under germ-free, gnotobiotic and conventional conditions. Water and fish microbiota were characterised by 16S rRNA gene analyses. The cod larvae’s transcriptional responses to the different microbial conditions were analysed by a custom Agilent 44 k oligo microarray. Gut development was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Water and fish microbiota differed significantly in the conventional treatment and were dominated by different fast-growing bacteria. Our study indicates that components of the innate immune system of cod larvae are downregulated by the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria, and thus may be turned on by default in the early larval stages. We see indications of decreased nutrient uptake in the absence of bacteria. The bacteria also influence the gut morphology, reflected in shorter microvilli with higher density in the conventional larvae than in the germ-free larvae. The fact that the microbiota alters innate immune responses and gut morphology demonstrates its important role in marine larval development. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Microorganisms 10 1 24 |
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Open Polar |
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NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
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ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
The roles of host-associated bacteria have gained attention lately, and we now recognise that the microbiota is essential in processes such as digestion, development of the immune system and gut function. In this study, Atlantic cod larvae were reared under germ-free, gnotobiotic and conventional conditions. Water and fish microbiota were characterised by 16S rRNA gene analyses. The cod larvae’s transcriptional responses to the different microbial conditions were analysed by a custom Agilent 44 k oligo microarray. Gut development was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Water and fish microbiota differed significantly in the conventional treatment and were dominated by different fast-growing bacteria. Our study indicates that components of the innate immune system of cod larvae are downregulated by the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria, and thus may be turned on by default in the early larval stages. We see indications of decreased nutrient uptake in the absence of bacteria. The bacteria also influence the gut morphology, reflected in shorter microvilli with higher density in the conventional larvae than in the germ-free larvae. The fact that the microbiota alters innate immune responses and gut morphology demonstrates its important role in marine larval development. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Forberg, Torunn Luef, Birgit Bakke, Ingrid Winge, Per Olsen, Yngvar Vadstein, Olav |
spellingShingle |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Forberg, Torunn Luef, Birgit Bakke, Ingrid Winge, Per Olsen, Yngvar Vadstein, Olav Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
author_facet |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Forberg, Torunn Luef, Birgit Bakke, Ingrid Winge, Per Olsen, Yngvar Vadstein, Olav |
author_sort |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg |
title |
Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
title_short |
Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
title_full |
Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
title_fullStr |
Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
title_sort |
commensal and opportunistic bacteria present in the microbiota in atlantic cod (gadus morhua) larvae differentially alter the hosts’ innate immune responses |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3035403 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
0 10 Microorganisms 1 |
op_relation |
Microorganisms. 2022, 10 (1), . urn:issn:2076-2607 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3035403 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 cristin:2016599 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010024 |
container_title |
Microorganisms |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
24 |
_version_ |
1766357678788968448 |