PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses
Despite recent years of rapid development, PV power constitutes for only 0.4 % of the total installed capacity of power production in Norway, making this an area with huge potential for expansion. Finding suitable areas for instalment is crucial for utilizing this potential. Refrigerated warehouses...
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Format: | Bachelor Thesis |
Language: | English |
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NTNU
2021
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2779959 |
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Open Polar |
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NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
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ftntnutrondheimi |
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English |
description |
Despite recent years of rapid development, PV power constitutes for only 0.4 % of the total installed capacity of power production in Norway, making this an area with huge potential for expansion. Finding suitable areas for instalment is crucial for utilizing this potential. Refrigerated warehouses are a special case that fit in this category, as their consumption increases during summer months with higher ambient temperatures, coinciding with increased potential for production from solar power. This thesis will investigate this suggested correlation for five different locations in Norway over a period of 25 years, in addition to uncovering differences in these locations related to production and finance over the same period. The selected locations represent major cities in Norway from each of the five different bidding zones and are, from South to North, Kristiansand, Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim and Tromsø. The background section of the reports is divided into three main chapters, covering the basis for answering the thesis. This includes a review of PV technology, covering PV history, PV fundamentals and influencing factors on the performance of PV panels. In addition, the meteorological conditions of Norway are explored, extracting relevant information and statistics on elements such as irradiance, temperature and precipitation. The final chapter covers the electricity market, providing information on how power is bought and sold, in addition to both current and historical price differences across regions for selected cities. In order to answer our selected thesis, a load profile was needed, together with production values from PV systems in selected locations. A load profile was gathered by asking several relevant companies for data, and through a selection process, the load profile from ASKO Midt-Norge in Trondheim was selected. For producing production results, the computer software program PVsyst was used by designing a system and simulating production results in each city. The designed PV system has a capacity of 1181 kW p, covering 6000 m2 . The Pearson correlation between the selected load profile and PV productions was calculated using Python to examine the fit between refrigerated warehouses and PV system using a statistical measurement. The financial analysis is also performed in Python by gathering grid tariffs and historical electricity price data for the different regions and importing the production values from PVsyst. Several considerations regarding the implementation of electricity prices, installation costs and maintenance cost have been made to produce a cash flow analysis. Financial results parameters are provided in the form of net present value (NPV) based on yearly cash flows and a discount rate of 4%, in addition to calculating the internal rate of return (IRR). The amount of overproduction was discovered and curtailed if it exceeded a certain amount. Based on the analysis, it is found that there is a moderate correlation of 0.3552-0.4209 between simulated PV production and load at the refrigerated warehouse. PV production is highest in Kristiansand at 920 MW h/year, and decreases northwards to Tromsø at 575 MW h/year. This is due to higher irradiance south in Norway. Bergen is the exception and has the second lowest production due to cloud coverage, despite being south of Trondheim. At refrigerated warehouses, PV systems are a suitable measure to reduce energy demand and costs as a result of seasonal and intradaily similarities in production and load. PV systems can contribute to peak shaving at refrigerated warehouses, but the financial benefit of this is lost mainly due to curtailing. The load-production correlation would be better utilized without curtailing and the cost reductions would see a 20.8 - 45.2 % increase, depending on the city. From an overall perspective, considering both regional PV production and financial differences, Kristiansand is the most suited for utilizing PV systems on refrigerated warehouses. Oslo and Trondheim share second place, not so far behind Kristiansand. Bergen is significantly worse suited, while Tromsø is by far the worst with the lowest production and a poorly suited electricity bill structure. |
author2 |
Zenith, Federico Jønland, Mats |
format |
Bachelor Thesis |
author |
Alsos, Tinus Halstensen, Haakon Myrrusten, Simen |
spellingShingle |
Alsos, Tinus Halstensen, Haakon Myrrusten, Simen PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses |
author_facet |
Alsos, Tinus Halstensen, Haakon Myrrusten, Simen |
author_sort |
Alsos, Tinus |
title |
PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses |
title_short |
PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses |
title_full |
PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses |
title_fullStr |
PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses |
title_full_unstemmed |
PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses |
title_sort |
pv systems on refrigerated warehouses |
publisher |
NTNU |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2779959 |
geographic |
Norway Tromsø Bergen |
geographic_facet |
Norway Tromsø Bergen |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_relation |
no.ntnu:inspera:81240705:83297789 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2779959 |
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1766219428681220096 |
spelling |
ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2779959 2023-05-15T18:34:37+02:00 PV Systems on Refrigerated Warehouses Alsos, Tinus Halstensen, Haakon Myrrusten, Simen Zenith, Federico Jønland, Mats 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2779959 eng eng NTNU no.ntnu:inspera:81240705:83297789 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2779959 Bachelor thesis 2021 ftntnutrondheimi 2021-09-22T22:35:34Z Despite recent years of rapid development, PV power constitutes for only 0.4 % of the total installed capacity of power production in Norway, making this an area with huge potential for expansion. Finding suitable areas for instalment is crucial for utilizing this potential. Refrigerated warehouses are a special case that fit in this category, as their consumption increases during summer months with higher ambient temperatures, coinciding with increased potential for production from solar power. This thesis will investigate this suggested correlation for five different locations in Norway over a period of 25 years, in addition to uncovering differences in these locations related to production and finance over the same period. The selected locations represent major cities in Norway from each of the five different bidding zones and are, from South to North, Kristiansand, Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim and Tromsø. The background section of the reports is divided into three main chapters, covering the basis for answering the thesis. This includes a review of PV technology, covering PV history, PV fundamentals and influencing factors on the performance of PV panels. In addition, the meteorological conditions of Norway are explored, extracting relevant information and statistics on elements such as irradiance, temperature and precipitation. The final chapter covers the electricity market, providing information on how power is bought and sold, in addition to both current and historical price differences across regions for selected cities. In order to answer our selected thesis, a load profile was needed, together with production values from PV systems in selected locations. A load profile was gathered by asking several relevant companies for data, and through a selection process, the load profile from ASKO Midt-Norge in Trondheim was selected. For producing production results, the computer software program PVsyst was used by designing a system and simulating production results in each city. The designed PV system has a capacity of 1181 kW p, covering 6000 m2 . The Pearson correlation between the selected load profile and PV productions was calculated using Python to examine the fit between refrigerated warehouses and PV system using a statistical measurement. The financial analysis is also performed in Python by gathering grid tariffs and historical electricity price data for the different regions and importing the production values from PVsyst. Several considerations regarding the implementation of electricity prices, installation costs and maintenance cost have been made to produce a cash flow analysis. Financial results parameters are provided in the form of net present value (NPV) based on yearly cash flows and a discount rate of 4%, in addition to calculating the internal rate of return (IRR). The amount of overproduction was discovered and curtailed if it exceeded a certain amount. Based on the analysis, it is found that there is a moderate correlation of 0.3552-0.4209 between simulated PV production and load at the refrigerated warehouse. PV production is highest in Kristiansand at 920 MW h/year, and decreases northwards to Tromsø at 575 MW h/year. This is due to higher irradiance south in Norway. Bergen is the exception and has the second lowest production due to cloud coverage, despite being south of Trondheim. At refrigerated warehouses, PV systems are a suitable measure to reduce energy demand and costs as a result of seasonal and intradaily similarities in production and load. PV systems can contribute to peak shaving at refrigerated warehouses, but the financial benefit of this is lost mainly due to curtailing. The load-production correlation would be better utilized without curtailing and the cost reductions would see a 20.8 - 45.2 % increase, depending on the city. From an overall perspective, considering both regional PV production and financial differences, Kristiansand is the most suited for utilizing PV systems on refrigerated warehouses. Oslo and Trondheim share second place, not so far behind Kristiansand. Bergen is significantly worse suited, while Tromsø is by far the worst with the lowest production and a poorly suited electricity bill structure. Bachelor Thesis Tromsø NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Norway Tromsø Bergen |