Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Rationale Produced water (PW) discharge from the oil and gas industry represents the largest intentional marine waste volume. Alkyl phenols (APs) are one of the main toxic component groups found in PW, with concentration of APs in discharged PW from the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea up to >16...
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2727978 2023-05-15T15:27:45+02:00 Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Oppegård, Martin Hansen, Bjørn Henrik Sørensen, Lisbet 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2727978 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8950 eng eng Wiley Norges forskningsråd: 280511 Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2020, 34 e8950-?. urn:issn:0951-4198 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2727978 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8950 cristin:1836506 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY e8950-? 34 Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8950 2021-02-17T23:34:37Z Rationale Produced water (PW) discharge from the oil and gas industry represents the largest intentional marine waste volume. Alkyl phenols (APs) are one of the main toxic component groups found in PW, with concentration of APs in discharged PW from the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea up to >16 mg/L. Several species of fish spawn in direct proximity to offshore production platforms and may be at risk of AP exposure. Therefore, a sensitive method to determine the potential for bioaccumulation of APs in fish eggs is needed. Methods Fish eggs were extracted using liquid–solid extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography cleanup. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Extraction and analytical conditions were optimized for analysis of phenol and 30 APs (C1–C9) with different degrees of branching in the alkyl chain. The method was verified and applied to analyze the body residue of APs in PW‐exposed marine fish (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) eggs. Results A comprehensive and sensitive method for the determination of C0–C9 APs was developed. Detection limits were in the range 0.03–8 ng. Apart from a few compounds with poor recovery, the method generally provided reliable results with good precision (<15%). Conclusions We demonstrate the successful application of an optimized extraction method for APs in fish eggs and show first results of AP accumulation in cod embryos exposed to PW in the laboratory. publishedVersion This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 34 24 |
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Open Polar |
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NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
Rationale Produced water (PW) discharge from the oil and gas industry represents the largest intentional marine waste volume. Alkyl phenols (APs) are one of the main toxic component groups found in PW, with concentration of APs in discharged PW from the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea up to >16 mg/L. Several species of fish spawn in direct proximity to offshore production platforms and may be at risk of AP exposure. Therefore, a sensitive method to determine the potential for bioaccumulation of APs in fish eggs is needed. Methods Fish eggs were extracted using liquid–solid extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography cleanup. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Extraction and analytical conditions were optimized for analysis of phenol and 30 APs (C1–C9) with different degrees of branching in the alkyl chain. The method was verified and applied to analyze the body residue of APs in PW‐exposed marine fish (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) eggs. Results A comprehensive and sensitive method for the determination of C0–C9 APs was developed. Detection limits were in the range 0.03–8 ng. Apart from a few compounds with poor recovery, the method generally provided reliable results with good precision (<15%). Conclusions We demonstrate the successful application of an optimized extraction method for APs in fish eggs and show first results of AP accumulation in cod embryos exposed to PW in the laboratory. publishedVersion This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Oppegård, Martin Hansen, Bjørn Henrik Sørensen, Lisbet |
spellingShingle |
Oppegård, Martin Hansen, Bjørn Henrik Sørensen, Lisbet Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
author_facet |
Oppegård, Martin Hansen, Bjørn Henrik Sørensen, Lisbet |
author_sort |
Oppegård, Martin |
title |
Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
title_short |
Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
title_full |
Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
title_fullStr |
Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed |
Determination of C0‐C9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
title_sort |
determination of c0‐c9 alkyl phenols in produced water‐exposed fish eggs using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2727978 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8950 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
e8950-? 34 Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 280511 Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2020, 34 e8950-?. urn:issn:0951-4198 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2727978 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8950 cristin:1836506 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8950 |
container_title |
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
container_volume |
34 |
container_issue |
24 |
_version_ |
1766358160808869888 |