SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves
The Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) satellite mission is designed to explore ocean surface current and waves. This includes tropical currents, notably the poorly known patterns of divergence and their impact on the ocean heat budget, and monitoring of the emerging Arctic up to 82...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2607452 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 |
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2607452 2023-05-15T13:58:49+02:00 SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves Ardhuin, Fabrice Brandt, Peter Gaultier, Lucile Donlon, Craig James Battaglia, Alessandro Boy, Francois Casal, Tania Chapron, Bertrand Collard, Fabrice Cravatte, Sophie Delouis, Jean-Marc De Witte, Erik Dibarboure, Gerald Engen, Geir Johnsen, Harald Lique, Camille López-Dekker, Paco Maes, Christophe Martin, Adrien Marie, Louis Menemenlis, Dimitris Nouguier, Frederic Peureux, Charles Rampal, Pierre Ressler, Gerhard Rio, Marie-Helene Rommen, Bjorn Shutler, Jamie D. Suess, Martin Tsamados, Michel Van Sebille, Erik Ubelmann, Clement Van Der Vorst, Maarten Stammer, Detlef 2019 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2607452 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 eng eng Frontiers Media Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019, 6 (209), . urn:issn:2296-7745 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2607452 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 cristin:1694924 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY 8 6 Frontiers in Marine Science 209 Journal article Peer reviewed 2019 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 2019-09-17T06:55:09Z The Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) satellite mission is designed to explore ocean surface current and waves. This includes tropical currents, notably the poorly known patterns of divergence and their impact on the ocean heat budget, and monitoring of the emerging Arctic up to 82.5°N. SKIM will also make unprecedented direct measurements of strong currents, from boundary currents to the Antarctic circumpolar current, and their interaction with ocean waves with expected impacts on air-sea fluxes and extreme waves. For the first time, SKIM will directly measure the ocean surface current vector from space. The main instrument on SKIM is a Ka-band conically scanning, multi-beam Doppler radar altimeter/wave scatterometer that includes a state-of-the-art nadir beam comparable to the Poseidon-4 instrument on Sentinel 6. The well proven Doppler pulse-pair technique will give a surface drift velocity representative of the top meter of the ocean, after subtracting a large wave-induced contribution. Horizontal velocity components will be obtained with an accuracy better than 7 cm/s for horizontal wavelengths larger than 80 km and time resolutions larger than 15 days, with a mean revisit time of 4 days for of 99% of the global oceans. This will provide unique and innovative measurements that will further our understanding of the transports in the upper ocean layer, permanently distributing heat, carbon, plankton, and plastics. SKIM will also benefit from co-located measurements of water vapor, rain rate, sea ice concentration, and wind vectors provided by the European operational satellite MetOp-SG(B), allowing many joint analyses. SKIM is one of the two candidate satellite missions under development for ESA Earth Explorer 9. The other candidate is the Far infrared Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM). The final selection will be announced by September 2019, for a launch in the coming decade. publishedVersion Copyright © 2019 Ardhuin, Brandt, Gaultier, Donlon, Battaglia, Boy, Casal, Chapron, Collard, Cravatte, Delouis, De Witte, Dibarboure, Engen, Johnsen, Lique, Lopez-Dekker, Maes, Martin, Marié, Menemenlis, Nouguier, Peureux, Rampal, Ressler, Rio, Rommen, Shutler, Suess, Tsamados, Ubelmann, van Sebille, van den Oever and Stammer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Antarctic Arctic Collard ENVELOPE(31.117,31.117,-72.633,-72.633) Lopez ENVELOPE(-63.567,-63.567,-64.850,-64.850) The Antarctic Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
The Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) satellite mission is designed to explore ocean surface current and waves. This includes tropical currents, notably the poorly known patterns of divergence and their impact on the ocean heat budget, and monitoring of the emerging Arctic up to 82.5°N. SKIM will also make unprecedented direct measurements of strong currents, from boundary currents to the Antarctic circumpolar current, and their interaction with ocean waves with expected impacts on air-sea fluxes and extreme waves. For the first time, SKIM will directly measure the ocean surface current vector from space. The main instrument on SKIM is a Ka-band conically scanning, multi-beam Doppler radar altimeter/wave scatterometer that includes a state-of-the-art nadir beam comparable to the Poseidon-4 instrument on Sentinel 6. The well proven Doppler pulse-pair technique will give a surface drift velocity representative of the top meter of the ocean, after subtracting a large wave-induced contribution. Horizontal velocity components will be obtained with an accuracy better than 7 cm/s for horizontal wavelengths larger than 80 km and time resolutions larger than 15 days, with a mean revisit time of 4 days for of 99% of the global oceans. This will provide unique and innovative measurements that will further our understanding of the transports in the upper ocean layer, permanently distributing heat, carbon, plankton, and plastics. SKIM will also benefit from co-located measurements of water vapor, rain rate, sea ice concentration, and wind vectors provided by the European operational satellite MetOp-SG(B), allowing many joint analyses. SKIM is one of the two candidate satellite missions under development for ESA Earth Explorer 9. The other candidate is the Far infrared Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM). The final selection will be announced by September 2019, for a launch in the coming decade. publishedVersion Copyright © 2019 Ardhuin, Brandt, Gaultier, Donlon, Battaglia, Boy, Casal, Chapron, Collard, Cravatte, Delouis, De Witte, Dibarboure, Engen, Johnsen, Lique, Lopez-Dekker, Maes, Martin, Marié, Menemenlis, Nouguier, Peureux, Rampal, Ressler, Rio, Rommen, Shutler, Suess, Tsamados, Ubelmann, van Sebille, van den Oever and Stammer. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ardhuin, Fabrice Brandt, Peter Gaultier, Lucile Donlon, Craig James Battaglia, Alessandro Boy, Francois Casal, Tania Chapron, Bertrand Collard, Fabrice Cravatte, Sophie Delouis, Jean-Marc De Witte, Erik Dibarboure, Gerald Engen, Geir Johnsen, Harald Lique, Camille López-Dekker, Paco Maes, Christophe Martin, Adrien Marie, Louis Menemenlis, Dimitris Nouguier, Frederic Peureux, Charles Rampal, Pierre Ressler, Gerhard Rio, Marie-Helene Rommen, Bjorn Shutler, Jamie D. Suess, Martin Tsamados, Michel Van Sebille, Erik Ubelmann, Clement Van Der Vorst, Maarten Stammer, Detlef |
spellingShingle |
Ardhuin, Fabrice Brandt, Peter Gaultier, Lucile Donlon, Craig James Battaglia, Alessandro Boy, Francois Casal, Tania Chapron, Bertrand Collard, Fabrice Cravatte, Sophie Delouis, Jean-Marc De Witte, Erik Dibarboure, Gerald Engen, Geir Johnsen, Harald Lique, Camille López-Dekker, Paco Maes, Christophe Martin, Adrien Marie, Louis Menemenlis, Dimitris Nouguier, Frederic Peureux, Charles Rampal, Pierre Ressler, Gerhard Rio, Marie-Helene Rommen, Bjorn Shutler, Jamie D. Suess, Martin Tsamados, Michel Van Sebille, Erik Ubelmann, Clement Van Der Vorst, Maarten Stammer, Detlef SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves |
author_facet |
Ardhuin, Fabrice Brandt, Peter Gaultier, Lucile Donlon, Craig James Battaglia, Alessandro Boy, Francois Casal, Tania Chapron, Bertrand Collard, Fabrice Cravatte, Sophie Delouis, Jean-Marc De Witte, Erik Dibarboure, Gerald Engen, Geir Johnsen, Harald Lique, Camille López-Dekker, Paco Maes, Christophe Martin, Adrien Marie, Louis Menemenlis, Dimitris Nouguier, Frederic Peureux, Charles Rampal, Pierre Ressler, Gerhard Rio, Marie-Helene Rommen, Bjorn Shutler, Jamie D. Suess, Martin Tsamados, Michel Van Sebille, Erik Ubelmann, Clement Van Der Vorst, Maarten Stammer, Detlef |
author_sort |
Ardhuin, Fabrice |
title |
SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves |
title_short |
SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves |
title_full |
SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves |
title_fullStr |
SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves |
title_full_unstemmed |
SKIM, a Candidate Satellite Mission Exploring Global Ocean Currents and Waves |
title_sort |
skim, a candidate satellite mission exploring global ocean currents and waves |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2607452 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(31.117,31.117,-72.633,-72.633) ENVELOPE(-63.567,-63.567,-64.850,-64.850) |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Collard Lopez The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Collard Lopez The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
8 6 Frontiers in Marine Science 209 |
op_relation |
Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019, 6 (209), . urn:issn:2296-7745 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2607452 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 cristin:1694924 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00209 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1766267190603939840 |