Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea
Factors affecting the establishment of the gut microbiota in animals living in marine environments remain largely unknown. In terrestrial animals, however, it is well established that the juvenile environment has a major impact on the gut microbiota later in life. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is an a...
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2592795 2023-05-15T15:30:15+02:00 Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea Jin, Yang Angell, Inga Leena Sandve, Simen Rød Snipen, Lars-Gustav Olsen, Yngvar Rudi, Knut 2019 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592795 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00297 eng eng Inter Research Aquaculture Environment Interactions. 2019, 11 31-39. urn:issn:1869-215X http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592795 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00297 cristin:1689452 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY 31-39 11 Aquaculture Environment Interactions Journal article Peer reviewed 2019 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00297 2019-09-17T06:55:00Z Factors affecting the establishment of the gut microbiota in animals living in marine environments remain largely unknown. In terrestrial animals, however, it is well established that the juvenile environment has a major impact on the gut microbiota later in life. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is an anadromous fish important in aquaculture with a juvenile freshwater stage and an adult seawater stage. For wild salmon, there are major dietary changes with respect to availability of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (LC-n-3 PUFA) with lower abundance in freshwater systems. The aim of our work was therefore to determine the effect of a juvenile freshwater diet with high LC-n-3 PUFA, as compared to a diet low in LC-n-3 PUFA (designed to increase the endogenous LC-n-3 PUFA production), on the transition to a seawater gut microbiota for Atlantic salmon. We found a juvenile freshwater microbiota high in Firmicutes for fish raised with low LC-n-3 PUFA, while the microbiota for fish given high LC-n-3 PUFA feed was high in Proteobacteria. One hundred days after transfer to a common sea cage, fish that were given low LC-n-3 PUFA diets in freshwater showed significantly higher (p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis) Mycoplasma content (90 ± 7%; mean ± SD) compared to fish raised on a high LC-n-3 PUFA diet in freshwater (25 ± 31% Mycoplasma). Shotgun metagenome sequencing from fish raised with a low LC-n-3 PUFA diet identified a salmon-associated Mycoplasma in sea, being distinct from currently known Mycoplasma. The genome sequence information indicated a mutualistic lifestyle of this bacterium. Mycoplasma has also previously been identified as dominant (>70%) in sea-living adult Atlantic salmon. Taken together, our results suggest that the juvenile freshwater diet influences the establishment of the gut microbiota in marine Atlantic salmon. publishedVersion 2019 Open Access. CC-BY 4.0 Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Aquaculture Environment Interactions 11 31 39 |
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Open Polar |
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NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
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ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
Factors affecting the establishment of the gut microbiota in animals living in marine environments remain largely unknown. In terrestrial animals, however, it is well established that the juvenile environment has a major impact on the gut microbiota later in life. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is an anadromous fish important in aquaculture with a juvenile freshwater stage and an adult seawater stage. For wild salmon, there are major dietary changes with respect to availability of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (LC-n-3 PUFA) with lower abundance in freshwater systems. The aim of our work was therefore to determine the effect of a juvenile freshwater diet with high LC-n-3 PUFA, as compared to a diet low in LC-n-3 PUFA (designed to increase the endogenous LC-n-3 PUFA production), on the transition to a seawater gut microbiota for Atlantic salmon. We found a juvenile freshwater microbiota high in Firmicutes for fish raised with low LC-n-3 PUFA, while the microbiota for fish given high LC-n-3 PUFA feed was high in Proteobacteria. One hundred days after transfer to a common sea cage, fish that were given low LC-n-3 PUFA diets in freshwater showed significantly higher (p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis) Mycoplasma content (90 ± 7%; mean ± SD) compared to fish raised on a high LC-n-3 PUFA diet in freshwater (25 ± 31% Mycoplasma). Shotgun metagenome sequencing from fish raised with a low LC-n-3 PUFA diet identified a salmon-associated Mycoplasma in sea, being distinct from currently known Mycoplasma. The genome sequence information indicated a mutualistic lifestyle of this bacterium. Mycoplasma has also previously been identified as dominant (>70%) in sea-living adult Atlantic salmon. Taken together, our results suggest that the juvenile freshwater diet influences the establishment of the gut microbiota in marine Atlantic salmon. publishedVersion 2019 Open Access. CC-BY 4.0 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jin, Yang Angell, Inga Leena Sandve, Simen Rød Snipen, Lars-Gustav Olsen, Yngvar Rudi, Knut |
spellingShingle |
Jin, Yang Angell, Inga Leena Sandve, Simen Rød Snipen, Lars-Gustav Olsen, Yngvar Rudi, Knut Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
author_facet |
Jin, Yang Angell, Inga Leena Sandve, Simen Rød Snipen, Lars-Gustav Olsen, Yngvar Rudi, Knut |
author_sort |
Jin, Yang |
title |
Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
title_short |
Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
title_full |
Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a Mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
title_sort |
atlantic salmon raised with diets low in long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in freshwater have a mycoplasma-dominated gut microbiota at sea |
publisher |
Inter Research |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592795 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00297 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
31-39 11 Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
op_relation |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions. 2019, 11 31-39. urn:issn:1869-215X http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592795 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00297 cristin:1689452 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00297 |
container_title |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
container_volume |
11 |
container_start_page |
31 |
op_container_end_page |
39 |
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1766360701712990208 |