Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae.
We have previously shown that K-selection and microbial stability in the rearing water increases survival and growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae, and that recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are compatible with this. Here, we have assessed how water treatment influenced the larval micr...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579795 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 |
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2579795 2023-05-15T15:27:52+02:00 Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Attramadal, Kari Winge, Per Li, Keshuai Olsen, Yngvar Bones, Atle M. Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579795 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 eng eng Frontiers Media https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontie Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018, 9 (851), 1-13. urn:issn:1664-302X http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579795 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 cristin:1579443 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY 9 Frontiers in Microbiology Journal article Peer reviewed 2018 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 2019-09-17T06:53:52Z We have previously shown that K-selection and microbial stability in the rearing water increases survival and growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae, and that recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are compatible with this. Here, we have assessed how water treatment influenced the larval microbiota and host responses at the gene expression level. Cod larvae were reared with two different rearing water systems: a RAS and a flow-through system (FTS). The water microbiota was examined using a 16S rDNA PCR/DGGE strategy. RNA extracted from larvae at 8, 13, and 17 days post hatching was used for microbiota and microarray gene expression analysis. Bacterial cDNA was synthesized and used for 16S rRNA amplicon 454 pyrosequencing of larval microbiota. Both water and larval microbiota differed significantly between the systems, and the larval microbiota appeared to become more dissimilar between systems with time. In total 4 phyla were identified for all larvae: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The most profound difference in larval microbiota was a high abundance of Arcobacter (Epsilonproteobacteria) in FTS larvae (34 ± 9% of total reads). Arcobacter includes several species that are known pathogens for humans and animals. Cod larval transcriptome responses were investigated using an oligonucleotide gene expression microarray covering approximately 24,000 genes. Interestingly, FTS larvae transcriptional profiles revealed an overrepresentation of upregulated transcripts associated with responses to pathogens and infections, such as c1ql3-like, pglyrp-2-like and zg16, compared to RAS larvae. In conclusion, distinct water treatment systems induced differences in the larval microbiota. FTS larvae showed up-regulation of transcripts associated with responses to microbial stress. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that RAS promotes K-selection and microbial stability by maintaining a microbial load close to the carrying capacity of the system, and ensuring long retention times for both bacteria and water in the system. publishedVersion Copyright © 2018 Vestrum, Attramadal, Winge, Li, Olsen, Bones, Vadstein and Bakke. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Vestrum ENVELOPE(8.794,8.794,62.794,62.794) Frontiers in Microbiology 9 |
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Open Polar |
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NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
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ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
We have previously shown that K-selection and microbial stability in the rearing water increases survival and growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae, and that recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are compatible with this. Here, we have assessed how water treatment influenced the larval microbiota and host responses at the gene expression level. Cod larvae were reared with two different rearing water systems: a RAS and a flow-through system (FTS). The water microbiota was examined using a 16S rDNA PCR/DGGE strategy. RNA extracted from larvae at 8, 13, and 17 days post hatching was used for microbiota and microarray gene expression analysis. Bacterial cDNA was synthesized and used for 16S rRNA amplicon 454 pyrosequencing of larval microbiota. Both water and larval microbiota differed significantly between the systems, and the larval microbiota appeared to become more dissimilar between systems with time. In total 4 phyla were identified for all larvae: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The most profound difference in larval microbiota was a high abundance of Arcobacter (Epsilonproteobacteria) in FTS larvae (34 ± 9% of total reads). Arcobacter includes several species that are known pathogens for humans and animals. Cod larval transcriptome responses were investigated using an oligonucleotide gene expression microarray covering approximately 24,000 genes. Interestingly, FTS larvae transcriptional profiles revealed an overrepresentation of upregulated transcripts associated with responses to pathogens and infections, such as c1ql3-like, pglyrp-2-like and zg16, compared to RAS larvae. In conclusion, distinct water treatment systems induced differences in the larval microbiota. FTS larvae showed up-regulation of transcripts associated with responses to microbial stress. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that RAS promotes K-selection and microbial stability by maintaining a microbial load close to the carrying capacity of the system, and ensuring long retention times for both bacteria and water in the system. publishedVersion Copyright © 2018 Vestrum, Attramadal, Winge, Li, Olsen, Bones, Vadstein and Bakke. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Attramadal, Kari Winge, Per Li, Keshuai Olsen, Yngvar Bones, Atle M. Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid |
spellingShingle |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Attramadal, Kari Winge, Per Li, Keshuai Olsen, Yngvar Bones, Atle M. Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. |
author_facet |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg Attramadal, Kari Winge, Per Li, Keshuai Olsen, Yngvar Bones, Atle M. Vadstein, Olav Bakke, Ingrid |
author_sort |
Vestrum, Ragnhild Inderberg |
title |
Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. |
title_short |
Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. |
title_full |
Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. |
title_fullStr |
Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. |
title_sort |
rearing water treatment induces microbial selection influencing the microbiota and pathogen associated transcripts of cod (gadus morhua) larvae. |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579795 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(8.794,8.794,62.794,62.794) |
geographic |
Vestrum |
geographic_facet |
Vestrum |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
9 Frontiers in Microbiology |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontie Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018, 9 (851), 1-13. urn:issn:1664-302X http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579795 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 cristin:1579443 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00851 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
9 |
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1766358266934198272 |