Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard
Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) have been detected in relative high levels in arctic seabirds and eggs and are of great concern due to their potential toxic effects. OHCs are incorporated into the eggs during egg formation and the avian embryo get exposed when it absorbs these contaminants tog...
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2571139 2023-05-15T15:19:09+02:00 Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard Rodvelt, Randi Haarstad Krøkje, Åse Gabrielsen, Geir Wing 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2571139 eng eng NTNU ntnudaim:12610 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2571139 Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Environmental Toxicology Master thesis 2018 ftntnutrondheimi 2019-09-17T06:54:27Z Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) have been detected in relative high levels in arctic seabirds and eggs and are of great concern due to their potential toxic effects. OHCs are incorporated into the eggs during egg formation and the avian embryo get exposed when it absorbs these contaminants together with albumen and yolk during development. Critical developmental processes occur at the same time, which makes the embryo extra sensitive and vulnerable to toxic effects. Assessing levels and toxic effects in eggs during avian embryo development is therefore important. The objective of the present study is to investigate the potential for OHC induced genotoxic effect in form of DNA double strand breaks (DNA DSB) in eggs from glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and common eider (Somateria mollissima). 33 eggs from glaucous gull (n = 5), kittiwake (n = 11) and common eider (n = 17) were collected around the Ny-Ålesund archipelago. The blastodisc was analysed for DNA DSB by agarose gel electrophoresis where the migrated fraction of the total DNA (DNA-FTM) and median molecular length (MML) were quantified. Yolk and albumen were homogenized and analysed for 82 OHCs. Eggs from glaucous gull had the highest OHCs levels (Ʃ48OHC 726.98 ng/g ww) followed by eggs from kittiwake (Ʃ50OHC 608.61 ng/g ww) and common eider (Ʃ34OHC 45.07 ng/g ww). The pattern was similar in the species and consistent with previous studies. There were no significant differences in DNA-FTM or MML levels in eggs from the three species. For kittiwake and common eider eggs, no relationship was observed between egg volume and lipid content with OHCs, except for lipid with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in kittiwake. However, developmental stage showed a positive relationship with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs in common eider eggs, but not in kittiwake. None of the biological variables showed a relationship with DNA-FTM or MML. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between MML and OCPs and MML and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in kittiwake eggs. Hence, a negative association between OHCs and DNA DSB. A possible explanation could be low OHCs levels in the blastodisc and an upregulation of the antioxidant defence system and repair systems. However, the mechanisms behind this negative relationship are unclear and repair systems, antioxidant defence, apoptosis and OHC levels in the embryo early in development should be further investigated. Master Thesis Arctic Common Eider Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund rissa tridactyla Somateria mollissima Svalbard NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Arctic Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Environmental Toxicology |
spellingShingle |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Environmental Toxicology Rodvelt, Randi Haarstad Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard |
topic_facet |
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Environmental Toxicology |
description |
Organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) have been detected in relative high levels in arctic seabirds and eggs and are of great concern due to their potential toxic effects. OHCs are incorporated into the eggs during egg formation and the avian embryo get exposed when it absorbs these contaminants together with albumen and yolk during development. Critical developmental processes occur at the same time, which makes the embryo extra sensitive and vulnerable to toxic effects. Assessing levels and toxic effects in eggs during avian embryo development is therefore important. The objective of the present study is to investigate the potential for OHC induced genotoxic effect in form of DNA double strand breaks (DNA DSB) in eggs from glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus), kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and common eider (Somateria mollissima). 33 eggs from glaucous gull (n = 5), kittiwake (n = 11) and common eider (n = 17) were collected around the Ny-Ålesund archipelago. The blastodisc was analysed for DNA DSB by agarose gel electrophoresis where the migrated fraction of the total DNA (DNA-FTM) and median molecular length (MML) were quantified. Yolk and albumen were homogenized and analysed for 82 OHCs. Eggs from glaucous gull had the highest OHCs levels (Ʃ48OHC 726.98 ng/g ww) followed by eggs from kittiwake (Ʃ50OHC 608.61 ng/g ww) and common eider (Ʃ34OHC 45.07 ng/g ww). The pattern was similar in the species and consistent with previous studies. There were no significant differences in DNA-FTM or MML levels in eggs from the three species. For kittiwake and common eider eggs, no relationship was observed between egg volume and lipid content with OHCs, except for lipid with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in kittiwake. However, developmental stage showed a positive relationship with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs in common eider eggs, but not in kittiwake. None of the biological variables showed a relationship with DNA-FTM or MML. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between MML and OCPs and MML and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in kittiwake eggs. Hence, a negative association between OHCs and DNA DSB. A possible explanation could be low OHCs levels in the blastodisc and an upregulation of the antioxidant defence system and repair systems. However, the mechanisms behind this negative relationship are unclear and repair systems, antioxidant defence, apoptosis and OHC levels in the embryo early in development should be further investigated. |
author2 |
Krøkje, Åse Gabrielsen, Geir Wing |
format |
Master Thesis |
author |
Rodvelt, Randi Haarstad |
author_facet |
Rodvelt, Randi Haarstad |
author_sort |
Rodvelt, Randi Haarstad |
title |
Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard |
title_short |
Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard |
title_full |
Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Levels and Potential Genotoxic Effects of Organohalogenated Contaminants in Seabird Eggs from Svalbard |
title_sort |
levels and potential genotoxic effects of organohalogenated contaminants in seabird eggs from svalbard |
publisher |
NTNU |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2571139 |
geographic |
Arctic Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Common Eider Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund rissa tridactyla Somateria mollissima Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Common Eider Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund rissa tridactyla Somateria mollissima Svalbard |
op_relation |
ntnudaim:12610 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2571139 |
_version_ |
1766349338263420928 |