Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems

Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are important for global carbon sequestration, as they store more than half of the global soil carbon (C), and these systems are predicted to have the greatest soil C loss following climate warming. Deciduous shrub cover has increased in tundra ecosystems during r...

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Published in:Ecosystems
Main Author: Sørensen, Mia Vedel
Other Authors: Graae, Bente Jessen, Strimbeck, George Richard, Enquist, Brian
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:English
Published: NTNU 2018
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2565086
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institution Open Polar
collection NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
op_collection_id ftntnutrondheimi
language English
topic VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470
spellingShingle VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470
Sørensen, Mia Vedel
Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
topic_facet VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470
description Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are important for global carbon sequestration, as they store more than half of the global soil carbon (C), and these systems are predicted to have the greatest soil C loss following climate warming. Deciduous shrub cover has increased in tundra ecosystems during recent decades, but herbivory can counteract this. An open question is how shrub expansion will affect the carbon balance of these ecosystems? Where some studies predict increased ecosystem C storage with shrub expansion because of more vegetation biomass, a growing body of literature indicate that shrubs release soil C through below-ground processes. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate how deciduous shrub expansion affects the growing season ecosystem CO2 fluxes and C pools in an Empetrum-dominated heath, an herb-and cryptogam-dominated meadow, and a Salix shrub-dominated community in Dovrefjell, Central Norway. Additionally, experimental treatment effects of exclusion of small and large herbivores together with planting of small Salix plants was measured, and abiotic and biotic drivers of C dynamics identified. The results from this thesis indicate how shrub expansion into low statured alpine tundra communities may influence the summer C cycling differently depending on plant community. Also, soil C pools might decrease due to below-ground differences and processes happening outside of the growing season. In this way, shrub expansion into alpine ecosystems might contribute to increased atmospheric CO2 through a net CO2 release from below-ground pools. Sammendrag: Hvordan påvirker gjengroing av kratt og buskvekster karbonsyklusen på fjellet? Mer enn halvparten av det globale karbonlagret finnes lagret i jorden i alpine og arktiske tundraer. Økte temperaturer i tundraens økosystemer som en konsekvens av klimaendringer kan derfor føre til frigjøring av karbon fra disse store lagrene. Tundraens økosystemer har de siste tiårene endret seg ved at det har blitt mer og større kratt og buskvekster, men økt beiting kan bidra til å minske denne gjengroingen. Hittil har forskning vist motstridende resultater om hvordan denne gjengroingen påvirker karbonbalansen i disse økosystemene. Noen studier mener at gjengroing bidrar til økt karbonlagring som følge av mer biomasse, mens andre tyder på at buskene via underjordiske prosesser heller frigir karbon bundet i jorden. Formålet med denne avhandlingen var å undersøke hvordan gjengroingen av fjellet påvirker syklusen og lagrene av karbondioksid i tre ulike plantesamfunn på Dovrefjell. Dette ble gjort ved å undersøke hvordan eksklusjon av beiting og planting av vierplanter påvirker disse prosessene i ei kreklinghei, en eng og et vierkratt. Vi undersøkte også hvilke abiotiske og biotiske faktorer som har størst påvirkning på karbonsyklusen i disse tre områdene. Resultatene tyder på at avhengig av plantesamfunnet kan gjengroing føre til ulike endringer i karbonsyklusen midt i vekstsesongen, men karbonlagringen i jorda kan avta på grunn av abiotiske og biotiske faktorer i jorden utenfor vekstsesongen. Økt gjengroing ved større og flere kratt og buskvekster kan dermed føre til frigjøring av karbon og bidra til økte nivåer av karbondioksid i atmosfæren.
author2 Graae, Bente Jessen
Strimbeck, George Richard
Enquist, Brian
format Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
author Sørensen, Mia Vedel
author_facet Sørensen, Mia Vedel
author_sort Sørensen, Mia Vedel
title Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
title_short Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
title_full Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
title_fullStr Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
title_sort carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems
publisher NTNU
publishDate 2018
url http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2565086
long_lat ENVELOPE(13.500,13.500,79.000,79.000)
ENVELOPE(17.883,17.883,69.483,69.483)
ENVELOPE(14.465,14.465,68.663,68.663)
ENVELOPE(15.336,15.336,68.282,68.282)
geographic Arctic
Dovrefjell
Finnes
Føre
Jorda
Norway
geographic_facet Arctic
Dovrefjell
Finnes
Føre
Jorda
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genre Antarctic and Alpine Research
Arctic
Arctic
Arktis*
Dovrefjell
Tundra
genre_facet Antarctic and Alpine Research
Arctic
Arctic
Arktis*
Dovrefjell
Tundra
op_relation Doctoral theses at NTNU;2018:256
Paper 1: Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Strimbeck, Richard; Nystuen, Kristin Odden; Kapás, Rozália Erzsebet; Enquist, Brian J.; Graae, Bente Jessen. Draining the Pool? Carbon Storage and Fluxes in Three Alpine Plant Communities. Ecosystems 2017 ;Volum 21.(2) s. 316-330 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0158-4
Paper 2: Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Graae, Bente Jessen; Hagen, Dagmar; Enquist, Brian J.; Nystuen, Kristin Odden; Strimbeck, Richard. Experimental herbivore exclusion, shrub introduction, and carbon sequestration in alpine plant communities. BMC Ecology 2018 s. 18-29 - Final published version available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0185-9 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
Paper 3: Strimbeck, Richard; Graae, Bente Jessen; Lang, Simone I.; Sørensen, Mia Vedel. Functional group contributions to carbon fluxes in arctic-alpine ecosystems. The final published version is available in Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research 2019 ;Volum 51.(1) s. 58-68 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1578163 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
Paper 4: Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Graae, Bente Jessen; Classen, Aimee; Enquist, Brian J.; Strimbeck, Richard. Biotic and abiotic drivers of C cycling in three alpine-arctic tundra plant communities: potential mechanisms The final published version is available in Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research 2019 ;Volum 51.(1) s. 128-147 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1592649 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
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spelling ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2565086 2023-05-15T14:14:42+02:00 Carbon budget consequences of deciduous shrub expansion in alpine tundra ecosystems Sørensen, Mia Vedel Graae, Bente Jessen Strimbeck, George Richard Enquist, Brian 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2565086 eng eng NTNU Doctoral theses at NTNU;2018:256 Paper 1: Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Strimbeck, Richard; Nystuen, Kristin Odden; Kapás, Rozália Erzsebet; Enquist, Brian J.; Graae, Bente Jessen. Draining the Pool? Carbon Storage and Fluxes in Three Alpine Plant Communities. Ecosystems 2017 ;Volum 21.(2) s. 316-330 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0158-4 Paper 2: Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Graae, Bente Jessen; Hagen, Dagmar; Enquist, Brian J.; Nystuen, Kristin Odden; Strimbeck, Richard. Experimental herbivore exclusion, shrub introduction, and carbon sequestration in alpine plant communities. BMC Ecology 2018 s. 18-29 - Final published version available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0185-9 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) Paper 3: Strimbeck, Richard; Graae, Bente Jessen; Lang, Simone I.; Sørensen, Mia Vedel. Functional group contributions to carbon fluxes in arctic-alpine ecosystems. The final published version is available in Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research 2019 ;Volum 51.(1) s. 58-68 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1578163 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) Paper 4: Sørensen, Mia Vedel; Graae, Bente Jessen; Classen, Aimee; Enquist, Brian J.; Strimbeck, Richard. Biotic and abiotic drivers of C cycling in three alpine-arctic tundra plant communities: potential mechanisms The final published version is available in Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research 2019 ;Volum 51.(1) s. 128-147 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1592649 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) urn:isbn:978-82-326-3303-6 urn:issn:1503-8181 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2565086 VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Basic biosciences: 470 Doctoral thesis 2018 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0158-4 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0185-9 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1578163 https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2019.1592649 2019-11-01T12:23:49Z Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are important for global carbon sequestration, as they store more than half of the global soil carbon (C), and these systems are predicted to have the greatest soil C loss following climate warming. Deciduous shrub cover has increased in tundra ecosystems during recent decades, but herbivory can counteract this. An open question is how shrub expansion will affect the carbon balance of these ecosystems? Where some studies predict increased ecosystem C storage with shrub expansion because of more vegetation biomass, a growing body of literature indicate that shrubs release soil C through below-ground processes. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate how deciduous shrub expansion affects the growing season ecosystem CO2 fluxes and C pools in an Empetrum-dominated heath, an herb-and cryptogam-dominated meadow, and a Salix shrub-dominated community in Dovrefjell, Central Norway. Additionally, experimental treatment effects of exclusion of small and large herbivores together with planting of small Salix plants was measured, and abiotic and biotic drivers of C dynamics identified. The results from this thesis indicate how shrub expansion into low statured alpine tundra communities may influence the summer C cycling differently depending on plant community. Also, soil C pools might decrease due to below-ground differences and processes happening outside of the growing season. In this way, shrub expansion into alpine ecosystems might contribute to increased atmospheric CO2 through a net CO2 release from below-ground pools. Sammendrag: Hvordan påvirker gjengroing av kratt og buskvekster karbonsyklusen på fjellet? Mer enn halvparten av det globale karbonlagret finnes lagret i jorden i alpine og arktiske tundraer. Økte temperaturer i tundraens økosystemer som en konsekvens av klimaendringer kan derfor føre til frigjøring av karbon fra disse store lagrene. Tundraens økosystemer har de siste tiårene endret seg ved at det har blitt mer og større kratt og buskvekster, men økt beiting kan bidra til å minske denne gjengroingen. Hittil har forskning vist motstridende resultater om hvordan denne gjengroingen påvirker karbonbalansen i disse økosystemene. Noen studier mener at gjengroing bidrar til økt karbonlagring som følge av mer biomasse, mens andre tyder på at buskene via underjordiske prosesser heller frigir karbon bundet i jorden. Formålet med denne avhandlingen var å undersøke hvordan gjengroingen av fjellet påvirker syklusen og lagrene av karbondioksid i tre ulike plantesamfunn på Dovrefjell. Dette ble gjort ved å undersøke hvordan eksklusjon av beiting og planting av vierplanter påvirker disse prosessene i ei kreklinghei, en eng og et vierkratt. Vi undersøkte også hvilke abiotiske og biotiske faktorer som har størst påvirkning på karbonsyklusen i disse tre områdene. Resultatene tyder på at avhengig av plantesamfunnet kan gjengroing føre til ulike endringer i karbonsyklusen midt i vekstsesongen, men karbonlagringen i jorda kan avta på grunn av abiotiske og biotiske faktorer i jorden utenfor vekstsesongen. Økt gjengroing ved større og flere kratt og buskvekster kan dermed føre til frigjøring av karbon og bidra til økte nivåer av karbondioksid i atmosfæren. Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Antarctic and Alpine Research Arctic Arctic Arktis* Dovrefjell Tundra NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Arctic Dovrefjell ENVELOPE(13.500,13.500,79.000,79.000) Finnes ENVELOPE(17.883,17.883,69.483,69.483) Føre ENVELOPE(14.465,14.465,68.663,68.663) Jorda ENVELOPE(15.336,15.336,68.282,68.282) Norway Ecosystems 21 2 316 330