Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface
During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2490219 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 |
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ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2490219 2023-05-15T13:58:47+02:00 Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface Fernández-Méndez, Mar Olsen, Lasse Mork Kauko, Hanna M. Meyer, Amelie Rösel, Anja Merkouriadi, Ioanna Mundy, Christopher John Ehn, Jens K. Johansson, Malin Wagner, Penelope Mae Ervik, Åse Sorrell, BK Duarte, Pedro Wold, Anette Hop, Haakon Assmy, Phillipp 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2490219 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 eng eng Frontiers Media Norges forskningsråd: 237906 Norges forskningsråd: 233896 urn:issn:2296-7745 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2490219 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 cristin:1558497 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY 5 Frontiers in Marine Science 75 Journal article Peer reviewed 2018 ftntnutrondheimi https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 2019-09-17T06:53:45Z During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because they are complex structures that are difficult to sample. Snow infiltration communities can grow at the snow-ice interface when flooded. They have been commonly observed in the Antarctic, but rarely in the Arctic, where flooding is less common mainly due to a lower snow-to-ice thickness ratio. Combining biomass measurements and algal community analysis with under-ice irradiance and current measurements as well as light modeling, we comprehensively describe these two algal habitats in an Arctic pack ice environment. High biomass accumulation in ridges was facilitated by complex surfaces for algal deposition and attachment, increased light availability, and protection against strong under-ice currents. Notably, specific locations within the ridges were found to host distinct ice algal communities. The pennate diatoms Nitzschia frigida and Navicula species dominated the underside and inclined walls of submerged ice blocks, while the centric diatom Shionodiscus bioculatus dominated the top surfaces of the submerged ice blocks. Higher light levels than those in and below the sea ice, low mesozooplankton grazing, and physical concentration likely contributed to the high algal biomass at the snow-ice interface. These snow infiltration communities were dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii and chain-forming pelagic diatoms (Fragilariopsis oceanica and Chaetoceros gelidus). Ridges are likely to form more frequently in a thinner and more dynamic ice pack, while the predicted increase in Arctic precipitation in some regions in combination with the thinning Arctic icescape might lead to larger areas of sea ice with negative freeboard and subsequent flooding during the melt season. Therefore, these two habitats are likely to become increasingly important in the new Arctic with implications for carbon export and transfer in the ice-associated ecosystem. publishedVersion Copyright © 2018 Fernández-Méndez, Olsen, Kauko, Meyer, Rösel, Merkouriadi, Mundy, Ehn, Johansson, Wagner, Ervik, Sorrell, Duarte, Wold, Hop and Assmy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice pack Sea ice Svalbard NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Duarte ENVELOPE(-60.950,-60.950,-64.200,-64.200) Ervik ENVELOPE(9.717,9.717,63.752,63.752) Svalbard The Antarctic Frontiers in Marine Science 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
op_collection_id |
ftntnutrondheimi |
language |
English |
description |
During the N-ICE2015 drift expedition north-west of Svalbard, we observed the establishment and development of algal communities in first-year ice (FYI) ridges and at the snow-ice interface. Despite some indications of being hot spots for biological activity, ridges are under-studied largely because they are complex structures that are difficult to sample. Snow infiltration communities can grow at the snow-ice interface when flooded. They have been commonly observed in the Antarctic, but rarely in the Arctic, where flooding is less common mainly due to a lower snow-to-ice thickness ratio. Combining biomass measurements and algal community analysis with under-ice irradiance and current measurements as well as light modeling, we comprehensively describe these two algal habitats in an Arctic pack ice environment. High biomass accumulation in ridges was facilitated by complex surfaces for algal deposition and attachment, increased light availability, and protection against strong under-ice currents. Notably, specific locations within the ridges were found to host distinct ice algal communities. The pennate diatoms Nitzschia frigida and Navicula species dominated the underside and inclined walls of submerged ice blocks, while the centric diatom Shionodiscus bioculatus dominated the top surfaces of the submerged ice blocks. Higher light levels than those in and below the sea ice, low mesozooplankton grazing, and physical concentration likely contributed to the high algal biomass at the snow-ice interface. These snow infiltration communities were dominated by Phaeocystis pouchetii and chain-forming pelagic diatoms (Fragilariopsis oceanica and Chaetoceros gelidus). Ridges are likely to form more frequently in a thinner and more dynamic ice pack, while the predicted increase in Arctic precipitation in some regions in combination with the thinning Arctic icescape might lead to larger areas of sea ice with negative freeboard and subsequent flooding during the melt season. Therefore, these two habitats are likely to become increasingly important in the new Arctic with implications for carbon export and transfer in the ice-associated ecosystem. publishedVersion Copyright © 2018 Fernández-Méndez, Olsen, Kauko, Meyer, Rösel, Merkouriadi, Mundy, Ehn, Johansson, Wagner, Ervik, Sorrell, Duarte, Wold, Hop and Assmy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fernández-Méndez, Mar Olsen, Lasse Mork Kauko, Hanna M. Meyer, Amelie Rösel, Anja Merkouriadi, Ioanna Mundy, Christopher John Ehn, Jens K. Johansson, Malin Wagner, Penelope Mae Ervik, Åse Sorrell, BK Duarte, Pedro Wold, Anette Hop, Haakon Assmy, Phillipp |
spellingShingle |
Fernández-Méndez, Mar Olsen, Lasse Mork Kauko, Hanna M. Meyer, Amelie Rösel, Anja Merkouriadi, Ioanna Mundy, Christopher John Ehn, Jens K. Johansson, Malin Wagner, Penelope Mae Ervik, Åse Sorrell, BK Duarte, Pedro Wold, Anette Hop, Haakon Assmy, Phillipp Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
author_facet |
Fernández-Méndez, Mar Olsen, Lasse Mork Kauko, Hanna M. Meyer, Amelie Rösel, Anja Merkouriadi, Ioanna Mundy, Christopher John Ehn, Jens K. Johansson, Malin Wagner, Penelope Mae Ervik, Åse Sorrell, BK Duarte, Pedro Wold, Anette Hop, Haakon Assmy, Phillipp |
author_sort |
Fernández-Méndez, Mar |
title |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_short |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_full |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_fullStr |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_full_unstemmed |
Algal hot spots in a changing Arctic Ocean: Sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
title_sort |
algal hot spots in a changing arctic ocean: sea-ice ridges and the snow-ice interface |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2490219 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.950,-60.950,-64.200,-64.200) ENVELOPE(9.717,9.717,63.752,63.752) |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Duarte Ervik Svalbard The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Duarte Ervik Svalbard The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice pack Sea ice Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice pack Sea ice Svalbard |
op_source |
5 Frontiers in Marine Science 75 |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 237906 Norges forskningsråd: 233896 urn:issn:2296-7745 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2490219 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 cristin:1558497 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00075 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
5 |
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1766267154149146624 |