Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)

Predicted climate changes have been suggested to alter future distribution and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Until now, little effort has been put into investigating such interactive effects between POPs and elevated CO2 levels (hypercapnia) in the aquatic environment. In the pre...

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Main Author: Preus-Olsen, Gunnhild
Other Authors: Arukwe, Augustine, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for naturvitenskap og teknologi, Institutt for biologi
Format: Master Thesis
Language:English
Published: Institutt for biologi 2013
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/11250/245254
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spelling ftntnutrondheimi:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/245254 2023-05-15T15:27:15+02:00 Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Preus-Olsen, Gunnhild Arukwe, Augustine Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for naturvitenskap og teknologi, Institutt for biologi 2013 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/245254 eng eng Institutt for biologi 637034 ntnudaim:10244 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/245254 93 Master thesis 2013 ftntnutrondheimi 2019-09-17T06:49:10Z Predicted climate changes have been suggested to alter future distribution and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Until now, little effort has been put into investigating such interactive effects between POPs and elevated CO2 levels (hypercapnia) in the aquatic environment. In the present study, juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to the emerging POP perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 0, 100 and 200 µg/L) for 1 hour/day in 5 days, followed by changes in elevated water CO2 saturation (0, 0.3 and 0.9%) for 3, 6 and 9 days. Endocrine disrupting potential of PFOS and elevated CO2 levels, both singly and in combination, were examined by analyzing levels of sex steroid hormones (E2, T, 11-KT) and transcript expression of estrogen responsive genes (ER-α, Vtg-α, Vtg-β, ZP-2, ZP-3), in addition to steroid and xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A, CYP3A) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Elevated CO2 produced increased levels of sex steroid hormones (E2, T, 11-KT) with concomitant increases in transcriptional expression of estrogen responsive genes. PFOS produced a weak time- and dose-dependent estrogenic effect as measured in mRNA expression of estrogen responsive genes, but no effect on steroid hormone levels. Exposure to elevated CO2 and PFOS in combination produced gene expression patterns that are different from the effects observed for CO2 and PFOS alone, indicating interactive effects. These observations suggest that hypercapnia and emerging POPs such as PFOS in combination could modulate the estrogen signaling in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), with potential consequences for sexual development and reproduction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report hypercapnia-induced sex steroid disruption in any fish species or lower vertebrate. These findings suggest a potential for adverse effects of increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions on sexual development and reproduction in fish. This also raises the question whether such interactive effects might be observed in other aquatic species and with other endocrine disrupters and POPs as well. Such findings could have implications for the accuracy of current risk assessments of emerging POPs, under changing climatic conditions. Master Thesis atlantic cod Gadus morhua NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
institution Open Polar
collection NTNU Open Archive (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
op_collection_id ftntnutrondheimi
language English
description Predicted climate changes have been suggested to alter future distribution and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Until now, little effort has been put into investigating such interactive effects between POPs and elevated CO2 levels (hypercapnia) in the aquatic environment. In the present study, juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to the emerging POP perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; 0, 100 and 200 µg/L) for 1 hour/day in 5 days, followed by changes in elevated water CO2 saturation (0, 0.3 and 0.9%) for 3, 6 and 9 days. Endocrine disrupting potential of PFOS and elevated CO2 levels, both singly and in combination, were examined by analyzing levels of sex steroid hormones (E2, T, 11-KT) and transcript expression of estrogen responsive genes (ER-α, Vtg-α, Vtg-β, ZP-2, ZP-3), in addition to steroid and xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A, CYP3A) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Elevated CO2 produced increased levels of sex steroid hormones (E2, T, 11-KT) with concomitant increases in transcriptional expression of estrogen responsive genes. PFOS produced a weak time- and dose-dependent estrogenic effect as measured in mRNA expression of estrogen responsive genes, but no effect on steroid hormone levels. Exposure to elevated CO2 and PFOS in combination produced gene expression patterns that are different from the effects observed for CO2 and PFOS alone, indicating interactive effects. These observations suggest that hypercapnia and emerging POPs such as PFOS in combination could modulate the estrogen signaling in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), with potential consequences for sexual development and reproduction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report hypercapnia-induced sex steroid disruption in any fish species or lower vertebrate. These findings suggest a potential for adverse effects of increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions on sexual development and reproduction in fish. This also raises the question whether such interactive effects might be observed in other aquatic species and with other endocrine disrupters and POPs as well. Such findings could have implications for the accuracy of current risk assessments of emerging POPs, under changing climatic conditions.
author2 Arukwe, Augustine
Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for naturvitenskap og teknologi, Institutt for biologi
format Master Thesis
author Preus-Olsen, Gunnhild
spellingShingle Preus-Olsen, Gunnhild
Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
author_facet Preus-Olsen, Gunnhild
author_sort Preus-Olsen, Gunnhild
title Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
title_short Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
title_full Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
title_fullStr Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
title_full_unstemmed Combined Effects of two emerging Environmental Stressors (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Carbon Dioxide) on Estrogenic Responses of juvenile Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
title_sort combined effects of two emerging environmental stressors (perfluorooctane sulfonate and carbon dioxide) on estrogenic responses of juvenile atlantic cod (gadus morhua)
publisher Institutt for biologi
publishDate 2013
url http://hdl.handle.net/11250/245254
genre atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
genre_facet atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
op_source 93
op_relation 637034
ntnudaim:10244
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/245254
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