梅峰農場三種鼩鼱 (台灣短尾鼩、台灣灰麝鼩和長尾鼩) 之食性研究

• Main Authors: 黃俊嘉, Huang, Chun-Chia
• Other Authors: 李玲玲, 臺灣大學：生態學與演化生物學研究所
• Format: Text
• Language: Chinese; English
• Published: 2004
• Subjects: 食性; 台灣短尾鼩; 台灣灰麝鼩; 長尾鼩; 體型大小; 鼩鼱; body size; food habit; shrew; Anourosorex yamashinai; Crocidura attenuata; Soriculus fumidus; Sibirica
• Online Access: http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/55136; http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/55136/1/ntu-93-R89225018-1.pdf

本研究自2001年10月至2002年7月，分四季於南投縣梅峰農場中森林、果園、草地等三類棲地共七個樣區內，捕捉共域的台灣短尾鼩、台灣灰麝鼩和長尾鼩，分析其消化道內含物，以建立此三種鼩鼱的食性資料，並比較單一種類的食性在不同棲地和季節間的變異來推測其取食策略。同時藉由比較種間食性的差異，探討鼩鼱體型大小與食性區隔的關係。 結果顯示三種鼩鼱都取食多類的無脊椎動物，其中貧毛綱、昆蟲幼蟲和昆蟲成蟲為其共同的主食。此外，台灣短尾鼩會取食較多腹足綱，台灣灰麝鼩取食較多唇足綱，而長尾鼩則取食較多的各類節肢動物。台灣短尾鼩和長尾鼩在不同季節或不同棲地內的食性變化較台灣灰麝鼩明顯，且在不同棲地內食性的變異趨勢相似。但台灣短尾鼩在冬季集中取食雙翅目幼蟲，長尾鼩在冬季則是分散取食各類節肢動物。在共域時，體型較大的鼩鼱取食的餌食大小範圍較大，且取食較多腹足綱和倍足綱，而體型較小的鼩鼱取食較多的節肢動物，但三種鼩鼱取食蚯蚓的比例沒有顯著差異。此外各種鼩鼱的食性寬度和種間食性重疊度和體型大小的關係亦不明顯。 梅峰農場三種鼩鼱在取食上都是廣食者 (generalist)，種間食性的差異與體型大小沒有絕對的關係，而可能與取食策略和行為模式的差異有關。由於捕捉結果顯示三種鼩鼱的棲地利用可能有所差別，因此其食性區隔和棲地利用與環境中無脊椎動物組成的關係仍需後續研究來釐清。 Diet of three sympatric shrew species, Anourosorex yamashinai, Crocidura attenuata tanakae, and Soriculus fumidus from the Mei-feng Farm in Nantou County were investigated between October 2001 and July 2002. Shrews were trapped seasonally from seven sites, which belong to three habitat types, i.e. forest, orchard, and grassland. Contents of their digestive tracts were collected and analyzed to examine the variation of their diet in different seasons and habitat types and their potential foraging strategies. Relationship between body size of shrews and their dietary segregation was also examined. All three species of shrew took a wide range of invertebrates, and oligochaetes, insect larvae, and insect adults as their major preys. Gastropoda and Chilopoda were also important preys for A. yamashinai and C. attenuata, respectively, while S. fumidus consumed a greater proportion of arthropods than the others. Diets of A. yamashinai and S. fumidus were more variable in different seasons and habitats than that of C. attenuata。Although the trend of their dietary variation between habitat types was similar, A. yamashinai took a higher proportion of dipteran larvae in winter, whereas S. fumidus fed more evenly on different arthropods in winter. Larger shrews tended to use wider range of prey size and more tougher preys, such as Gastropoda and Diplopoda, and smaller species consumed more arthropods. However, the relationship between body sizes of shrews and the proportion of earthworm they consumed was not significant. The relationship between food niche breadth or niche overlap and body size was also insignificant. All three species of shrews were generalist insectivores. Dietary segregation of these species was not significantly related to differences in their body size, but might be related to differences in their foraging strategies and behaviors. Because trapping results revealed the pattern of habitat use maybe different among these species, more studies are needed to clarify the relationship of dietary segregation and habitat use in these species and invertebrate availability in the future. 中文摘要 …………………………………………………i 英文摘要 …………………………………………………ii 前言 ………………………………………………………1 材料方法 …………………………………………………4 一、研究地與研究樣區 ………………………………4 二、鼩鼱捕捉 .………………………………………5 三、鼩鼱食性分析 ……………………………………5 四、鼩鼱食性指標 ……………………………………6 五、蚯蚓生物量 ………………………………………8 六、資料分析 …………………………………………8 結果 ………………………………………………………10 一、鼩鼱捕捉 …………………………………………10 二、鼩鼱食性 …………………………………………11 三、鼩鼱食性和蚯蚓可利用量之關係 ………………22 四、種間食性差異 ……………………………………23 討論 ………………………………………………………26 一、食性分析 …………………………………………26 二、食性變異和取食策略 ……………………………28 三、種間食性差異和體型大小的關係 ………………29 參考文獻 …………………………………………………32 圖 …………………………………………………………39 表 …………………………………………………………42 附錄 ………………………………………………………53