不同漁塭經營策略對水鳥組成的影響

• Main Authors: 楊曼瑜, Yang, Man-Yu
• Other Authors: 李培芬, 臺灣大學：生態學與演化生物學研究所
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2006
• Subjects: 漁塭; 經營管理策略; 水鳥; 四草野生動物保護區; 濕地; 棲地選擇; fish farm; management strategy; waterbird; Sitsao Wildlife Refuge; wetland; habitat selection; Arctic
• Online Access: http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/55133; http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/bitstream/246246/55133/1/ntu-95-R93b44011-1.pdf

由於自然濕地日益減少，研究人員開始關注人工濕地就水鳥所扮演的生態功能，然而，焦點大多集中在稻田而較少探討漁塭，與漁塭相關的研究亦忽略了不同養殖型態的差異性。本研究的目的在於探討不同漁塭經營策略對水鳥組成的影響，並擷取關鍵性的因子，以區域性的角度提供四草野生動物保護區經營管理之建議。研究地點位於台南市四草地區，包含深水漁塭、淺坪漁塭與廢棄漁塭三種類型，保護區則鑲嵌在漁塭之間。資料包含長程（2004年1月-2006年2月）與短程（2005年9月-2006年2月）兩組不同尺度的鳥類與環境因子紀錄。 研究結果顯示，淺坪漁塭有最高的種豐度、均勻度與歧異度，是鷸鴴類的主要棲息地；深水漁塭的物種轉換率最高，其他指數皆低，卻是鷺科、秧雞科與鴨科所偏好的棲地類型；廢棄漁塭的鳥類組成則介於兩者之間，各有其生態定位與功能。在農曆九月過後，淺坪漁塭會進行最後一次收成，開始長達兩個月以上的曬坪，並在隔年農曆新年後重新注水，準備新一季的養殖。這些操作時程似乎能夠配合渡冬鷸鴴類的需求，提供即時並且適當的棲地。因應周圍棲地的條件與產業趨勢，保護區應將鷸鴴類設定為首要保護目標，減少保護區淺水區的植被覆蓋，增加濕土面積並提高鹽度。經過棲地工程改造的深水區則應增加植被覆蓋，降低水位至50公分，以整體性地提高保護區對於水鳥所扮演的棲地功能。 My objectives were to evaluate different fish farm management strategies effecting waterbird composition, and provide management recommendation for Sitsao Wildlife Refuge in Tainan reference to the surrounding fish farms. A long-term (January 2004-February 2006) and short-term data (September 2005-February 2006) were obtained. Results indicated that shallow-water fish farms have the highest richness, evenness and diversity; deep-water fish farms have the highest beta turnover. Deep-water and abandoned fish farms preferable habitats for egret, rail and ducks, while shallow-water fish farm and refuge are major habitats for shorebirds. And the operation tactics of shallow-water fish farms seems to provide suitable habitat for shorebirds just in time. According to the surrounding habitat condition and future trends, refuge should set shorebird as the first conservation priority and provide habitat with wetter soil, higher salinity, and lesser vegetation coverage. Table of Contents Introduction.1 Methods and materials .4 Study area. 4 Site selection and bird counts . 6 Environmental factors and gis mapping . 7 Data analysis . 7 Results.10 Seasonal variation and fish farm variation. 10 Seasonal variation .10 Fish farm variation.11 Waterbird assemblages among three fish farm types. 11 Waterbird assemblage indexes .11 Waterbirds preference .12 Sitsao wildlife refuge and surrounding fish farms.12 Similarity of waterbird assemblages.12 Waterbird density between the refuge and fish farms.13 Ecological function of the refuge and shallow-water fish farms .13 Habitat selection. 14 Discussion .15 Waterbird assemblages of sitsao wildlife refuge and surrounding fish farms. 15 Ecological function of the refuge and shallow-water fish farms . 17 Management recommendations . 20 Habitat selection. 21 Research limitations. 24 Reference.26 Figure .31 Table.42 Appendix .54