梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析

梅雨季時，位於南海北部附近之滯留鋒面溫度梯度常頗微弱，此時具有中緯度鋒面和間熱帶輻合區之混合特性（Chen and Chang,1980），觀測資料顯示，偶有熱帶氣旋於此種滯留鋒面之西南端形成。本研究主要在分析南海北部，於滯留鋒面西南端之弱斜壓環境下，形成熱帶氣旋之過程；此外，並利用MM5數值模式，模擬2002年6月於南海北部滯留鋒面上形成之諾古力（Noguri,07w）颱風，探討其形成機制。 根據JTWC最佳路徑資料，1972至2002年梅雨期間，於南海形成之熱帶氣旋共有20個；其中有11個系統於形成期間有滯留鋒面伴隨。分析結果同時顯示，其中有7個個案之初始擾動源自雲貴地區（簡稱為形成個案）...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: 林雍嵐, Lin, Yung-Lan
Other Authors: 李清勝教授, 臺灣大學：大氣科學研究所
Format: Thesis
Language:Chinese
English
Published: 2004
Subjects:
熱帶氣旋,熱帶氣旋形成,梅雨鋒面,數值模擬
無
Arctic
Online Access:http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/49978
id ftntaiwanuniv:oai:140.112.114.62:246246/49978
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection National Taiwan University Institutional Repository (NTUR)
op_collection_id ftntaiwanuniv
language Chinese
English
topic 熱帶氣旋,熱帶氣旋形成,梅雨鋒面,數值模擬
無
spellingShingle 熱帶氣旋,熱帶氣旋形成,梅雨鋒面,數值模擬
無
林雍嵐
Lin, Yung-Lan
梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
topic_facet 熱帶氣旋,熱帶氣旋形成,梅雨鋒面,數值模擬
無
description 梅雨季時，位於南海北部附近之滯留鋒面溫度梯度常頗微弱，此時具有中緯度鋒面和間熱帶輻合區之混合特性（Chen and Chang,1980），觀測資料顯示，偶有熱帶氣旋於此種滯留鋒面之西南端形成。本研究主要在分析南海北部，於滯留鋒面西南端之弱斜壓環境下，形成熱帶氣旋之過程；此外，並利用MM5數值模式，模擬2002年6月於南海北部滯留鋒面上形成之諾古力（Noguri,07w）颱風，探討其形成機制。 根據JTWC最佳路徑資料，1972至2002年梅雨期間，於南海形成之熱帶氣旋共有20個；其中有11個系統於形成期間有滯留鋒面伴隨。分析結果同時顯示，其中有7個個案之初始擾動源自雲貴地區（簡稱為形成個案）；此種擾動之低層環流隨滯留鋒面南移出海後，將與南海北部的正渦度區逐漸重合。此時，若南海南部因季風肇始而有顯著西南風，且北方有大陸冷高壓東移至黃海而造成華南沿岸顯著東北風，將使南海北部的大尺度渦度顯著增加，使擾動有機會發展為熱帶低壓。分析結果同時顯示，有6個低壓系統亦位於相似滯留鋒面區且封閉等壓線持續達48小時以上，但並未發展為熱帶低壓（稱之非形成個案）。比較形成與非形成個案之環境場顯示，形成個案在華南沿海一帶之低層東北風較強且維持較久，故具較顯著低層大範圍渦度場。此外，形成個案在發展期間，其垂直風切亦有大幅度減弱的情形，而非形成個案之風切較大（趨近10 ms-1）且無明顯減弱趨勢。 利用MM5模擬諾古力颱風結果顯示，系統之低層環流中心源自顯著相當位溫梯度之陸地。形成初期在環境場伴隨較大的垂直風切，渦度垂直結構有傾斜現象；但南海南部西南風與華南沿岸、台灣海峽顯著的東北風，使南海北部有顯著大尺度渦度，提供系統發展的有利條件。形成後期，系統附近有鋒消過程（主要來自傾斜項）；環境溫度梯度減弱且垂直風切明顯減小，渦度極大值區自低層向上發展，傾斜結構也逐漸消失，轉為垂直結構。在系統相對渦度持續增大情況下，使羅士比變形半徑減小而提高加熱效率，使系統緩慢發展為熱帶低壓。 無 摘 要 I 致 謝 II 圖表目錄 IV 第一章 前言 1 1-1 論文回顧 1 1-2 研究目的 5 第二章 南海熱帶氣旋形成氣候特徵與綜觀環境 8 2-1 氣候特徵 9 2-2 梅雨期個案之綜觀環境場分析 13 2-3 形成與非形成個案 17 2-4 形成與非形成個案之合成分析 19 第三章 梅雨期弱斜壓環境下個案之模擬 24 3-1 諾古力颱風簡介 24 3-2 模式介紹與實驗設計 27 3-3 模擬結果與觀測驗證 30 3-4 模擬結果分析 32 第四章 討論 37 4-1 綜觀環境氣候特徵 37 4-2 形成個案物理機制分析 39 第五章 總結 44 5-1 結論 44 5-2 未來展望 47 參考文獻 49
author2 李清勝教授
臺灣大學：大氣科學研究所
format Thesis
author 林雍嵐
Lin, Yung-Lan
author_facet 林雍嵐
Lin, Yung-Lan
author_sort 林雍嵐
title 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
title_short 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
title_full 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
title_fullStr 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
title_full_unstemmed 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
title_sort 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析
publishDate 2004
url http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/49978
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
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Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709 Chan, J. C. L., 1985：Tropical cyclone activity in the northwest Pacific in relation to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 599–606. Chang, C.-P., C.-H. Liu, and H.-C. Kuo., 2003：Typhoon Vamei: An equatorial tropical cyclone formation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1150. Chen, G. T.-J., and C.-P. Chang, 1980：The structure and vorticity budget of an early summer minsoon trough（Mei-Yu）over southeastern China and Japan. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 942-953. Davis, C. A., and L. F. Bosart, 2001：Numerical simulations of the genesis of hurricane Diana (1984). Part I：control simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1859–1881. --- ,and --- , 2002：Numerical simulations of the genesis of hurricane Diana (1984). Part II：sensitivity of track and intensity prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1100–1124. --- ,and --- , 2003：Baroclinically induced tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2730–2747. DeMaria, M., J. A. Knaff, and B. H. Connell, 2001：A tropical cyclone genesis parameter for the tropical Atlantic. Wea. Forecasting., 16, 219–233. Dudhia, J., 1993：A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model：Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513. Frank, W. M.,1977：Convective Fluxes in Tropical Cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1554–1568. Frank, W. M. and E. A. Ritchie, 2002：Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2249–2269 Gray, W. M., 1998：The formation of tropical cyclones. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 67, 37–69. Hebert, P. H., and K. O. Poteat, 1975：A satellite classification technique for subtropical cyclones. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS SR-83, 25 pp. Hennon, C. C., and J. S. Hobgood , 2003：Forecasting tropical cyclogenesis over the Atlantic Basin using large-scale data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2927-2939. Hong, S.-Y., H.-L. 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_version_ 1766302656922386432
spelling ftntaiwanuniv:oai:140.112.114.62:246246/49978 2023-05-15T14:28:30+02:00 梅雨期間於南海弱斜壓環境下形成熱帶氣旋之分析 林雍嵐 Lin, Yung-Lan 李清勝教授 臺灣大學：大氣科學研究所 2004 http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/49978 zh-TW en_US chi eng 王作台，鄧靜君，陳鏡良與胡志文，2001：東亞夏季季風肇始期之分析：高階量變數變化特徵及中緯度與熱帶系統之作用。大氣科學，29，315-341。 李清勝，1988：颱風之形成和發展。大氣科學，16，237-251。 李清勝與侯嘉榮，2004：伴隨強跨赤道流之熱帶氣旋形成個案的分析與模擬。大氣科學，審查中。 陳泰然與李瑞麟，1986：冬季季風實驗期間東亞寒潮爆發對ITCZ的影響。大氣科學，14，1-16。 郭勉之與林松錦，2001：東亞夏季季風肇始定義與季風肇始時期的環流特徵。大氣科學，29，141-170。 黃麗蓉，2001：信風爆發對熱帶氣旋形成之分析。國立台灣大學大氣科學研究所碩士論文，105pp.。 童裕翔，2002：MM5對東亞地區梅雨季的模擬及其可預報度之研究。國立中央大學大氣物理研究所碩士論文，85pp.。 魏春玫，2002：利用QuikSCAT海面風場資料探討熱帶氣旋形成之環境特徵，國立台灣大學大氣科學研究所碩士論文，92pp.。 Anthes, R. A., and T. T. Warner, 1978: Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1045-1078. Bolton, D., 1980：The computation of equivalent potential temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1046–1053. Bosart, L. F., and J. A. Bartlo, 1991：Tropical storm formation in a baroclinic environment. Mon Wea. Rev., 119, 1979–2013. Betts, A. K. and M. J. Miller, 1986：A new convective adjustment scheme. PartⅡ：Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709 Chan, J. C. L., 1985：Tropical cyclone activity in the northwest Pacific in relation to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 599–606. Chang, C.-P., C.-H. Liu, and H.-C. Kuo., 2003：Typhoon Vamei: An equatorial tropical cyclone formation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1150. Chen, G. T.-J., and C.-P. Chang, 1980：The structure and vorticity budget of an early summer minsoon trough（Mei-Yu）over southeastern China and Japan. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 942-953. Davis, C. A., and L. F. Bosart, 2001：Numerical simulations of the genesis of hurricane Diana (1984). Part I：control simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1859–1881. --- ,and --- , 2002：Numerical simulations of the genesis of hurricane Diana (1984). Part II：sensitivity of track and intensity prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1100–1124. --- ,and --- , 2003：Baroclinically induced tropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2730–2747. DeMaria, M., J. A. Knaff, and B. H. Connell, 2001：A tropical cyclone genesis parameter for the tropical Atlantic. Wea. Forecasting., 16, 219–233. Dudhia, J., 1993：A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model：Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513. Frank, W. M.,1977：Convective Fluxes in Tropical Cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1554–1568. Frank, W. M. and E. A. Ritchie, 2002：Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2249–2269 Gray, W. M., 1998：The formation of tropical cyclones. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 67, 37–69. Hebert, P. H., and K. O. 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Rev., 123, 1781-1799 熱帶氣旋,熱帶氣旋形成,梅雨鋒面,數值模擬 無 thesis 2004 ftntaiwanuniv 2016-02-19T23:48:14Z 梅雨季時，位於南海北部附近之滯留鋒面溫度梯度常頗微弱，此時具有中緯度鋒面和間熱帶輻合區之混合特性（Chen and Chang,1980），觀測資料顯示，偶有熱帶氣旋於此種滯留鋒面之西南端形成。本研究主要在分析南海北部，於滯留鋒面西南端之弱斜壓環境下，形成熱帶氣旋之過程；此外，並利用MM5數值模式，模擬2002年6月於南海北部滯留鋒面上形成之諾古力（Noguri,07w）颱風，探討其形成機制。 根據JTWC最佳路徑資料，1972至2002年梅雨期間，於南海形成之熱帶氣旋共有20個；其中有11個系統於形成期間有滯留鋒面伴隨。分析結果同時顯示，其中有7個個案之初始擾動源自雲貴地區（簡稱為形成個案）；此種擾動之低層環流隨滯留鋒面南移出海後，將與南海北部的正渦度區逐漸重合。此時，若南海南部因季風肇始而有顯著西南風，且北方有大陸冷高壓東移至黃海而造成華南沿岸顯著東北風，將使南海北部的大尺度渦度顯著增加，使擾動有機會發展為熱帶低壓。分析結果同時顯示，有6個低壓系統亦位於相似滯留鋒面區且封閉等壓線持續達48小時以上，但並未發展為熱帶低壓（稱之非形成個案）。比較形成與非形成個案之環境場顯示，形成個案在華南沿海一帶之低層東北風較強且維持較久，故具較顯著低層大範圍渦度場。此外，形成個案在發展期間，其垂直風切亦有大幅度減弱的情形，而非形成個案之風切較大（趨近10 ms-1）且無明顯減弱趨勢。 利用MM5模擬諾古力颱風結果顯示，系統之低層環流中心源自顯著相當位溫梯度之陸地。形成初期在環境場伴隨較大的垂直風切，渦度垂直結構有傾斜現象；但南海南部西南風與華南沿岸、台灣海峽顯著的東北風，使南海北部有顯著大尺度渦度，提供系統發展的有利條件。形成後期，系統附近有鋒消過程（主要來自傾斜項）；環境溫度梯度減弱且垂直風切明顯減小，渦度極大值區自低層向上發展，傾斜結構也逐漸消失，轉為垂直結構。在系統相對渦度持續增大情況下，使羅士比變形半徑減小而提高加熱效率，使系統緩慢發展為熱帶低壓。 無 摘 要 I 致 謝 II 圖表目錄 IV 第一章 前言 1 1-1 論文回顧 1 1-2 研究目的 5 第二章 南海熱帶氣旋形成氣候特徵與綜觀環境 8 2-1 氣候特徵 9 2-2 梅雨期個案之綜觀環境場分析 13 2-3 形成與非形成個案 17 2-4 形成與非形成個案之合成分析 19 第三章 梅雨期弱斜壓環境下個案之模擬 24 3-1 諾古力颱風簡介 24 3-2 模式介紹與實驗設計 27 3-3 模擬結果與觀測驗證 30 3-4 模擬結果分析 32 第四章 討論 37 4-1 綜觀環境氣候特徵 37 4-2 形成個案物理機制分析 39 第五章 總結 44 5-1 結論 44 5-2 未來展望 47 參考文獻 49 Thesis Arctic National Taiwan University Institutional Repository (NTUR)

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