颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響

觀測資料顯示部分熱帶氣旋形成前,擾動北方低層信風有顯著增強現象(Lee,1986);此類個案大都發生於秋冬季,且伴隨顯著低層渦度平流和渦流角動量通量(Lee and Lee,2002;黃,2001)。本研究之目的在分析此類型個案中信風增強之過程,並探討強信風所扮演之角色。根據JTWC最佳路徑資料顯示,在1986~2000年間,共有400個熱帶氣旋形成;利用EC資料所做的分析顯示,有21個個案伴隨顯著信風增強。此類個案集中在10~12月,其形成位置較氣候平均位置偏東南。結果同時顯示,有16個個案之低層環境流場特徵非常相似,即信風的增強和擾動中心北方分裂高壓之東移有關。 為探討強東風在熱帶氣旋形成...

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Main Authors: 莊惟然, Chuang, Wen-Jan
Other Authors: 李清勝教授, 臺灣大學:大氣科學研究所
Format: Thesis
Language:Chinese
English
Published: 2004
Subjects:
Online Access:http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/49961
id ftntaiwanuniv:oai:140.112.114.62:246246/49961
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection National Taiwan University Institutional Repository (NTUR)
op_collection_id ftntaiwanuniv
language Chinese
English
topic 渦流角動量通量
信風增強
熱帶氣旋
熱帶氣旋形成

spellingShingle 渦流角動量通量
信風增強
熱帶氣旋
熱帶氣旋形成

莊惟然
Chuang, Wen-Jan
颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
topic_facet 渦流角動量通量
信風增強
熱帶氣旋
熱帶氣旋形成

description 觀測資料顯示部分熱帶氣旋形成前,擾動北方低層信風有顯著增強現象(Lee,1986);此類個案大都發生於秋冬季,且伴隨顯著低層渦度平流和渦流角動量通量(Lee and Lee,2002;黃,2001)。本研究之目的在分析此類型個案中信風增強之過程,並探討強信風所扮演之角色。根據JTWC最佳路徑資料顯示,在1986~2000年間,共有400個熱帶氣旋形成;利用EC資料所做的分析顯示,有21個個案伴隨顯著信風增強。此類個案集中在10~12月,其形成位置較氣候平均位置偏東南。結果同時顯示,有16個個案之低層環境流場特徵非常相似,即信風的增強和擾動中心北方分裂高壓之東移有關。 為探討強東風在熱帶氣旋形成過程中所扮演之角色,本研究針對黃(2001)所模擬之Manny颱風(1993),進行相同之控制組數值實驗,並減弱擾動中心北方東風以進行對照組實驗;此外,並針對Lola(1993)進行相同實驗。結果顯示,兩個個案之控制組實驗中,擾動中心渦度從積分初期便開始增強,約於積分36小時後形成熱帶低壓,且隨時間有繼續增強趨勢。而減弱擾動中心北方東風之對照組實驗中,初期擾動雖有增強趨勢,但積分24~36小時後,擾動即不再增強甚或開始減弱,與控制組之差異越來越顯著。 分析模擬結果顯示,在控制組實驗中,伴隨強信風的強渦度場,透過水平渦度平流效應,能有效持續增強擾動中心渦度。就另一角度而言,渦流角動量通量隨積分逐漸增加,能有效提供系統旋轉加速。然而,在對照組實驗中,水平渦度平流無法持續維持擾動中心渦度之增強,且渦流角動量通量隨積分時間逐漸減弱。因此,環境強東風在擾動發展成熱帶氣旋過程中,確實扮演著關鍵角色。 無 第一章 前言……………………………………………….…….….1 1-1 論文回顧—熱帶氣旋形成之研究………….………….….1 1-2 研究動機…………………………………….….…………6 第二章 伴隨信風增強形成熱帶氣旋之診斷分析….…….……….8 2-1 信風增強個案之選取………………….………….………8 2-2 信風增強個案之特性…………………….…….………10 2-3 典型高壓個案之低層環境特徵……………….….…….10 2-4 典型高壓個案之合成分析………………….…….…….11 2-5 統計分析結果……………………………………….….13 第三章 強信風影響熱帶氣旋形成之模擬與分析………….…….15 3-1 模擬個案簡介…………….…………………………….16 3-1.1 Manny(1993)…………………………………………….16 3-1.2 Lola(1993)……………………………………………….17 3-2 控制組模擬結果……………………………………….…17 3-2.1 Manny(1993)模擬結果………………………………….17 3-2.2 Lola(1993)模擬結果…………………………………….19 3-3 東風強弱影響熱帶氣旋形成之敏感度測試…………….21 3-3.1 Manny(1993)控制組與對照組模擬結果比較………….23 3-3.2 Lola(1993)控制組與對照組模擬結果比較…………….26 3-4 敏感度測試結果討論…………………………………….27 3-4.1 控制組與對照組渦度收支之比較……………………….27 3-4.2 控制組與對照組絕對角動量通量之比較…….….…….29 第四章 討論與總結…………………….………….…………….33
author2 李清勝教授
臺灣大學:大氣科學研究所
format Thesis
author 莊惟然
Chuang, Wen-Jan
author_facet 莊惟然
Chuang, Wen-Jan
author_sort 莊惟然
title 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
title_short 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
title_full 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
title_fullStr 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
title_full_unstemmed 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
title_sort 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響
publishDate 2004
url http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/49961
long_lat ENVELOPE(-44.700,-44.700,-60.717,-60.717)
geographic Lola
geographic_facet Lola
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_relation 參考文獻 黃麗蓉,2001:信風爆發對熱帶氣旋形成之影響。國立台灣大學大氣科學研究所碩士論文,105pp。 羅雅尹,2002:芭比絲颱風(1998)與東北季風共伴環流對台灣地區降水影響之數值模擬探討。國立台灣大學大氣科學研究所碩士論文,168pp。 李清勝與侯嘉榮,2004:伴隨強跨赤道流之熱帶氣旋形成個案的分析與模擬。(投稿大氣科學,accepted with minor revision) Betts, A. K., 1986:A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I:Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 677-692. --- , and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II:Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX, and Arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709. Beriegel, L. M., and W. M. Frank, 1997:Large –scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis in the western north pacific. Mon.Wea.Rev., 125, 1397-1413. Bracken, W. Edward, and Bosart, Lance F., 2000:The Role of Synoptic-Scale Flow during Tropical Cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 353–376. Challa, M., and R. L. Pfeffer, 1990:Formation of Atlantic hurricanes from cloud clusters and depressions. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 909-927. Charney, J. G.,and A. Eliassen, 1964:On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 68-75. Gray, 1998:The formation of Tropical Cyclines. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 67, 37-69. Hack, J. J., and W. H. Schubert, 1986:Nonlinear response of atmospheric vortices to heating by organized cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1559-1573. Holland, G J., and R.T. Merrill, 1984:On the dynamics of tropical cyclone structural changes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 723-725. Joint Typhoon Warning Center, 1993:1993 annual tropical cyclone report, U.S. Naval Oceanography Command Center, 243pp. Lander, Mark A, 1994:Description of a Monsoon Gyre and Its Effects on the Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific during August 1991. Wea. Forecasting., 9, 640–654. Lee, C. S., 1986:An observational study of tropical cloud cluster evolution and cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific. Dept. of Atmos. Sci. Paper No.403,Color. State Univ., Ft. Collins. Co. 250pp. --- , 1989:Observational analysis of tropical cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific. Part II: Budget analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2580-2598. --- , and C. –H. Lee, 2002:A numerical simulation of the environmental momentum influences on typhoon formation. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. World Scientific, Singapore. 261-271. Love, G., 1985b:Cross-equatorial interactions during tropical cyclone genesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1499-1509. Madden, Roland A., and Julian, Paul R., 1971:Detection of a 40–50 Day Oscillation in the Zonal Wind in the Tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702–708. Maloney, Eric D., Hartmann, Dennis L. 2000: Modulation of Eastern North Pacific Hurricanes by the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 1451–1460. --- , 2001:The Madden–JulianOscillation,Barotropic Dynamics, and North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2545-2558. McBride, J. L., 1981a:Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part I:Basic definition of data sets. J. Atmos. Sci.,38, 1117-1131 --- , and R. Zehr, 1981:Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part II:Comparison of non-developing versus developing system. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1132-1151. --- , 1981b:Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part III:Budget analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1152-1166. Molinari et al., 1997:Potential Vorticity, Easterly Waves, and Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2699–2708. --- , and Vollaro, David., 2000: Planetary- and Synoptic-Scale Influences on Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3296–3307. Ooyama, K. V., 1964:A dynamical model for the study of tropical cyclone development. Geophys. Int. 4, 187-198. --- , 1982:Conceptual evolution of the theory and modeling of the tropical cyclone. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 60, 369-380. Palmen, E. and H. Riehl, 1957:Budget of angular momentum and energy in tropical cyclones. J. Meteor., 14, 150-159. Pfeffer, R. L., and M. Challa, 1992:The role of environmental asymmetries in Atlantic hurricane formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1051-1059. Riehl, H. and J. S. Malkus, 1961:Some aspects of Hurricane Daisy, 1958. Tellus, 13, 181-213. Ritchie, E. A., and G. J. Holland, 1997:Scale Interactions during the Formation of Typhoon Irving. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1377–1396. --- , 1999:Large-scale patterns associated with tropical cyclogenesis in the western pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2027–2043. Sadler, James C., 1976:A Role of the Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough in Early Season Typhoon Development. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1266–1278. Shapiro, Lloyd J., 1977:Tropical Storm Formation from Easterly Waves: A Criterion for Development. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1007–1022. Schubert, W. H., and J. J. Hack, P.L. Silva Dias and S.R. Fulton, 1980: Geostrophic adjustment in an axisymmetric vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1464-1484. Simpson et al. , 1997:Mesoscale Interactions in Tropical Cyclone Genesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2643–2661. Zehr, R., 1992:Tropical cyclogenesis in the western north pacific. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 16, 181pp.
_version_ 1766302579092881408
spelling ftntaiwanuniv:oai:140.112.114.62:246246/49961 2023-05-15T14:28:24+02:00 颱風形成期間環境信風場之變化與影響 莊惟然 Chuang, Wen-Jan 李清勝教授 臺灣大學:大氣科學研究所 2004 http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/246246/49961 zh-TW en_US chi eng 參考文獻 黃麗蓉,2001:信風爆發對熱帶氣旋形成之影響。國立台灣大學大氣科學研究所碩士論文,105pp。 羅雅尹,2002:芭比絲颱風(1998)與東北季風共伴環流對台灣地區降水影響之數值模擬探討。國立台灣大學大氣科學研究所碩士論文,168pp。 李清勝與侯嘉榮,2004:伴隨強跨赤道流之熱帶氣旋形成個案的分析與模擬。(投稿大氣科學,accepted with minor revision) Betts, A. K., 1986:A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I:Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 677-692. --- , and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part II:Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX, and Arctic air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693-709. Beriegel, L. M., and W. M. Frank, 1997:Large –scale influences on tropical cyclogenesis in the western north pacific. Mon.Wea.Rev., 125, 1397-1413. Bracken, W. Edward, and Bosart, Lance F., 2000:The Role of Synoptic-Scale Flow during Tropical Cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 353–376. Challa, M., and R. L. Pfeffer, 1990:Formation of Atlantic hurricanes from cloud clusters and depressions. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 909-927. Charney, J. G.,and A. Eliassen, 1964:On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 68-75. Gray, 1998:The formation of Tropical Cyclines. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 67, 37-69. Hack, J. J., and W. H. Schubert, 1986:Nonlinear response of atmospheric vortices to heating by organized cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1559-1573. Holland, G J., and R.T. Merrill, 1984:On the dynamics of tropical cyclone structural changes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 723-725. Joint Typhoon Warning Center, 1993:1993 annual tropical cyclone report, U.S. Naval Oceanography Command Center, 243pp. Lander, Mark A, 1994:Description of a Monsoon Gyre and Its Effects on the Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific during August 1991. Wea. Forecasting., 9, 640–654. Lee, C. S., 1986:An observational study of tropical cloud cluster evolution and cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific. Dept. of Atmos. Sci. Paper No.403,Color. State Univ., Ft. Collins. Co. 250pp. --- , 1989:Observational analysis of tropical cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific. Part II: Budget analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2580-2598. --- , and C. –H. Lee, 2002:A numerical simulation of the environmental momentum influences on typhoon formation. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology and Climate. World Scientific, Singapore. 261-271. Love, G., 1985b:Cross-equatorial interactions during tropical cyclone genesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1499-1509. Madden, Roland A., and Julian, Paul R., 1971:Detection of a 40–50 Day Oscillation in the Zonal Wind in the Tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702–708. Maloney, Eric D., Hartmann, Dennis L. 2000: Modulation of Eastern North Pacific Hurricanes by the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 1451–1460. --- , 2001:The Madden–JulianOscillation,Barotropic Dynamics, and North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2545-2558. McBride, J. L., 1981a:Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part I:Basic definition of data sets. J. Atmos. Sci.,38, 1117-1131 --- , and R. Zehr, 1981:Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part II:Comparison of non-developing versus developing system. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1132-1151. --- , 1981b:Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part III:Budget analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1152-1166. Molinari et al., 1997:Potential Vorticity, Easterly Waves, and Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2699–2708. --- , and Vollaro, David., 2000: Planetary- and Synoptic-Scale Influences on Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3296–3307. Ooyama, K. V., 1964:A dynamical model for the study of tropical cyclone development. Geophys. Int. 4, 187-198. --- , 1982:Conceptual evolution of the theory and modeling of the tropical cyclone. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 60, 369-380. Palmen, E. and H. Riehl, 1957:Budget of angular momentum and energy in tropical cyclones. J. Meteor., 14, 150-159. Pfeffer, R. L., and M. Challa, 1992:The role of environmental asymmetries in Atlantic hurricane formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1051-1059. Riehl, H. and J. S. Malkus, 1961:Some aspects of Hurricane Daisy, 1958. Tellus, 13, 181-213. Ritchie, E. A., and G. J. Holland, 1997:Scale Interactions during the Formation of Typhoon Irving. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1377–1396. --- , 1999:Large-scale patterns associated with tropical cyclogenesis in the western pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2027–2043. Sadler, James C., 1976:A Role of the Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough in Early Season Typhoon Development. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1266–1278. Shapiro, Lloyd J., 1977:Tropical Storm Formation from Easterly Waves: A Criterion for Development. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1007–1022. Schubert, W. H., and J. J. Hack, P.L. Silva Dias and S.R. Fulton, 1980: Geostrophic adjustment in an axisymmetric vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1464-1484. Simpson et al. , 1997:Mesoscale Interactions in Tropical Cyclone Genesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2643–2661. Zehr, R., 1992:Tropical cyclogenesis in the western north pacific. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 16, 181pp. 渦流角動量通量 信風增強 熱帶氣旋 熱帶氣旋形成 無 thesis 2004 ftntaiwanuniv 2016-02-19T23:48:14Z 觀測資料顯示部分熱帶氣旋形成前,擾動北方低層信風有顯著增強現象(Lee,1986);此類個案大都發生於秋冬季,且伴隨顯著低層渦度平流和渦流角動量通量(Lee and Lee,2002;黃,2001)。本研究之目的在分析此類型個案中信風增強之過程,並探討強信風所扮演之角色。根據JTWC最佳路徑資料顯示,在1986~2000年間,共有400個熱帶氣旋形成;利用EC資料所做的分析顯示,有21個個案伴隨顯著信風增強。此類個案集中在10~12月,其形成位置較氣候平均位置偏東南。結果同時顯示,有16個個案之低層環境流場特徵非常相似,即信風的增強和擾動中心北方分裂高壓之東移有關。 為探討強東風在熱帶氣旋形成過程中所扮演之角色,本研究針對黃(2001)所模擬之Manny颱風(1993),進行相同之控制組數值實驗,並減弱擾動中心北方東風以進行對照組實驗;此外,並針對Lola(1993)進行相同實驗。結果顯示,兩個個案之控制組實驗中,擾動中心渦度從積分初期便開始增強,約於積分36小時後形成熱帶低壓,且隨時間有繼續增強趨勢。而減弱擾動中心北方東風之對照組實驗中,初期擾動雖有增強趨勢,但積分24~36小時後,擾動即不再增強甚或開始減弱,與控制組之差異越來越顯著。 分析模擬結果顯示,在控制組實驗中,伴隨強信風的強渦度場,透過水平渦度平流效應,能有效持續增強擾動中心渦度。就另一角度而言,渦流角動量通量隨積分逐漸增加,能有效提供系統旋轉加速。然而,在對照組實驗中,水平渦度平流無法持續維持擾動中心渦度之增強,且渦流角動量通量隨積分時間逐漸減弱。因此,環境強東風在擾動發展成熱帶氣旋過程中,確實扮演著關鍵角色。 無 第一章 前言……………………………………………….…….….1 1-1 論文回顧—熱帶氣旋形成之研究………….………….….1 1-2 研究動機…………………………………….….…………6 第二章 伴隨信風增強形成熱帶氣旋之診斷分析….…….……….8 2-1 信風增強個案之選取………………….………….………8 2-2 信風增強個案之特性…………………….…….………10 2-3 典型高壓個案之低層環境特徵……………….….…….10 2-4 典型高壓個案之合成分析………………….…….…….11 2-5 統計分析結果……………………………………….….13 第三章 強信風影響熱帶氣旋形成之模擬與分析………….…….15 3-1 模擬個案簡介…………….…………………………….16 3-1.1 Manny(1993)…………………………………………….16 3-1.2 Lola(1993)……………………………………………….17 3-2 控制組模擬結果……………………………………….…17 3-2.1 Manny(1993)模擬結果………………………………….17 3-2.2 Lola(1993)模擬結果…………………………………….19 3-3 東風強弱影響熱帶氣旋形成之敏感度測試…………….21 3-3.1 Manny(1993)控制組與對照組模擬結果比較………….23 3-3.2 Lola(1993)控制組與對照組模擬結果比較…………….26 3-4 敏感度測試結果討論…………………………………….27 3-4.1 控制組與對照組渦度收支之比較……………………….27 3-4.2 控制組與對照組絕對角動量通量之比較…….….…….29 第四章 討論與總結…………………….………….…………….33 Thesis Arctic National Taiwan University Institutional Repository (NTUR) Lola ENVELOPE(-44.700,-44.700,-60.717,-60.717)