Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks
Shuttle tankers and hydrocarbon production platforms operating on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland must be designed for some level of ice loading. In some cases, high ice loads can result from relatively small icebergs, bergy bits, or growlers. This is particularly true when wave-induced ice motions...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=062f3acc-a50c-4cfa-9e79-f57c0adf674c https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=062f3acc-a50c-4cfa-9e79-f57c0adf674c |
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ftnrccanada:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:8895829 2023-05-15T17:23:02+02:00 Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks Crocker, G. English, J. McKenna, R. F. Gagnon, R. E. 2004 text https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=062f3acc-a50c-4cfa-9e79-f57c0adf674c https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=062f3acc-a50c-4cfa-9e79-f57c0adf674c unknown Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume: 38, Issue: 2-3, Publication date: 2004, Pages: 239–250 doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 report_number:IR-2004-12 evaluation bergy bit grand banks article 2004 ftnrccanada https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 2021-09-01T06:25:18Z Shuttle tankers and hydrocarbon production platforms operating on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland must be designed for some level of ice loading. In some cases, high ice loads can result from relatively small icebergs, bergy bits, or growlers. This is particularly true when wave-induced ice motions are significant (in high sea states) or when vessel speeds are high (e.g., a transiting tanker). Safe and economic operations can be achieved by designing structures that are strong enough to withstand ice loads, planning for and managing ice to reduce the risk of collisions, or a combination of the two. In all cases, accurate information on the number of small ice masses is important. Unfortunately, reliable information on small ice mass populations is not available. The extensive, detailed aerial surveys that would be required to build up meaningful statistics on bergy bit populations would be prohibitively expensive, and other methods of estimating bergy bit populations are required for the development of a reliable database. The approach used in this study was a reanalysis of International Ice Patrol (IIP) operational iceberg observations. Although the IIP does not detect and report all bergy bits and growlers, their database contains critical information on the location of small ice masses in relation to the aircraft track, and the prevailing visibility and sea-state conditions. By resampling only those ice masses observed when detection conditions were favourable, and within a prescribed distance from the aircraft, more accurate bergy bit statistics have been determined. A convenient measure of the number of bergy bits and growlers is the 'small ice mass to parent iceberg' (SIMPI) ratio. This relates the number of small glacial ice masses to the number of parent icebergs from which most small ice masses are calved. The average SIMPI ratio for the study region was 0.59. Some interesting phenomena revealed in the study include the apparent geographical variation in the small ice mass to parent iceberg ratio, with increasing values to the north and west. The ratio also varied seasonally. Of the months in which sufficiently large numbers of icebergs were observed to produce meaningful statistics, the SIMPI ratio was lowest in March (0.25) and highest in May (0.81). Peer reviewed: Yes NRC publication: Yes Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland National Research Council Canada: NRC Publications Archive Cold Regions Science and Technology 38 2-3 239 250 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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National Research Council Canada: NRC Publications Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnrccanada |
language |
unknown |
topic |
evaluation bergy bit grand banks |
spellingShingle |
evaluation bergy bit grand banks Crocker, G. English, J. McKenna, R. F. Gagnon, R. E. Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
topic_facet |
evaluation bergy bit grand banks |
description |
Shuttle tankers and hydrocarbon production platforms operating on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland must be designed for some level of ice loading. In some cases, high ice loads can result from relatively small icebergs, bergy bits, or growlers. This is particularly true when wave-induced ice motions are significant (in high sea states) or when vessel speeds are high (e.g., a transiting tanker). Safe and economic operations can be achieved by designing structures that are strong enough to withstand ice loads, planning for and managing ice to reduce the risk of collisions, or a combination of the two. In all cases, accurate information on the number of small ice masses is important. Unfortunately, reliable information on small ice mass populations is not available. The extensive, detailed aerial surveys that would be required to build up meaningful statistics on bergy bit populations would be prohibitively expensive, and other methods of estimating bergy bit populations are required for the development of a reliable database. The approach used in this study was a reanalysis of International Ice Patrol (IIP) operational iceberg observations. Although the IIP does not detect and report all bergy bits and growlers, their database contains critical information on the location of small ice masses in relation to the aircraft track, and the prevailing visibility and sea-state conditions. By resampling only those ice masses observed when detection conditions were favourable, and within a prescribed distance from the aircraft, more accurate bergy bit statistics have been determined. A convenient measure of the number of bergy bits and growlers is the 'small ice mass to parent iceberg' (SIMPI) ratio. This relates the number of small glacial ice masses to the number of parent icebergs from which most small ice masses are calved. The average SIMPI ratio for the study region was 0.59. Some interesting phenomena revealed in the study include the apparent geographical variation in the small ice mass to parent iceberg ratio, with increasing values to the north and west. The ratio also varied seasonally. Of the months in which sufficiently large numbers of icebergs were observed to produce meaningful statistics, the SIMPI ratio was lowest in March (0.25) and highest in May (0.81). Peer reviewed: Yes NRC publication: Yes |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Crocker, G. English, J. McKenna, R. F. Gagnon, R. E. |
author_facet |
Crocker, G. English, J. McKenna, R. F. Gagnon, R. E. |
author_sort |
Crocker, G. |
title |
Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
title_short |
Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
title_full |
Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
title_sort |
evaluation of bergy bit populations on the grand banks |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=062f3acc-a50c-4cfa-9e79-f57c0adf674c https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=062f3acc-a50c-4cfa-9e79-f57c0adf674c |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_relation |
Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume: 38, Issue: 2-3, Publication date: 2004, Pages: 239–250 doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 report_number:IR-2004-12 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.001 |
container_title |
Cold Regions Science and Technology |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
2-3 |
container_start_page |
239 |
op_container_end_page |
250 |
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1766110031639478272 |