Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress
It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. In this study we examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) the effects of both short- (a single 15 s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily handling 15 s out of water) stress on plasma cortisol (free and...
Published in: | Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2008
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=7a18af17-d806-449a-8135-ce1797b36220 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=7a18af17-d806-449a-8135-ce1797b36220 |
id |
ftnrccanada:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:3538320 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftnrccanada:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:3538320 2023-05-15T15:32:22+02:00 Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress Fast, Mark D. Hosoya, Sho Johnson, Stewart C. Afonso, Luis O.B. 2008-02-01 text https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=7a18af17-d806-449a-8135-ce1797b36220 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=7a18af17-d806-449a-8135-ce1797b36220 eng eng Elsevier issn:1050-4648 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume: 24, Issue: 2, Publication date: 2008-02-01, Pages: 194–204 doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 Acute stress Cortisol Free cortisol Handling Head kidney Interleukin-1β Long-term stress Macrophage article 2008 ftnrccanada https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 2021-09-01T06:22:26Z It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. In this study we examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) the effects of both short- (a single 15 s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily handling 15 s out of water) stress on plasma cortisol (free and total) and glucose levels, expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and survival of head kidney (HK) macrophages under culture with Aeromonas salmonicida. In the short-term study, samples were collected prior to the application of the stressor, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post stress. Free and total plasma cortisol levels and the percentage of free cortisol increased significantly in the stressed group at 1 and 3 h post stress. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher than those of control fish at 1, 3 and 6 h post stress. Constitutive expression of IL-1β in macrophages isolated from head kidneys in stressed fish was significantly higher at 1 and 3 h post stress. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated expression of IL-1β in HK macrophages, exhibited significantly higher fold increases in unstressed fish compared to stressed fish. In the long-term study, with the exception of an increase in plasma glucose levels at 1 week, there were no significant differences in stress parameters between groups. There was a significantly higher constitutive IL-1β expression in macrophages isolated from stressed fish over the first 2 weeks. At weeks 1, 2 and 3 the magnitude of IL-1β response of isolated HK macrophages to LPS stimulation was reduced in >90% of the stressed fish. At 4 weeks there was no significant difference in inducible IL-1β expression between the groups. Macrophages isolated from stressed fish also showed significantly decreased survival when exposed to A. salmonicida. This study shows a clear pattern from repeated handling stress, whereby effects on immune cells begin with increased constitutive expression of IL-1β, followed by decreased stimulation of leucocytes by extracellular antigen, and finally decreased leukocyte survival when exposed to A. salmonicida. The implications of these changes in the immune system will be discussed with respect to the use of classical indicators of stress to predict possible effects on the immune system of fish. Peer reviewed: Yes NRC publication: Yes Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar National Research Council Canada: NRC Publications Archive Fish & Shellfish Immunology 24 2 194 204 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
National Research Council Canada: NRC Publications Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftnrccanada |
language |
English |
topic |
Acute stress Cortisol Free cortisol Handling Head kidney Interleukin-1β Long-term stress Macrophage |
spellingShingle |
Acute stress Cortisol Free cortisol Handling Head kidney Interleukin-1β Long-term stress Macrophage Fast, Mark D. Hosoya, Sho Johnson, Stewart C. Afonso, Luis O.B. Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
topic_facet |
Acute stress Cortisol Free cortisol Handling Head kidney Interleukin-1β Long-term stress Macrophage |
description |
It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function in fish. In this study we examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) the effects of both short- (a single 15 s out of water) and long-term (4 weeks of daily handling 15 s out of water) stress on plasma cortisol (free and total) and glucose levels, expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and survival of head kidney (HK) macrophages under culture with Aeromonas salmonicida. In the short-term study, samples were collected prior to the application of the stressor, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post stress. Free and total plasma cortisol levels and the percentage of free cortisol increased significantly in the stressed group at 1 and 3 h post stress. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher than those of control fish at 1, 3 and 6 h post stress. Constitutive expression of IL-1β in macrophages isolated from head kidneys in stressed fish was significantly higher at 1 and 3 h post stress. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated expression of IL-1β in HK macrophages, exhibited significantly higher fold increases in unstressed fish compared to stressed fish. In the long-term study, with the exception of an increase in plasma glucose levels at 1 week, there were no significant differences in stress parameters between groups. There was a significantly higher constitutive IL-1β expression in macrophages isolated from stressed fish over the first 2 weeks. At weeks 1, 2 and 3 the magnitude of IL-1β response of isolated HK macrophages to LPS stimulation was reduced in >90% of the stressed fish. At 4 weeks there was no significant difference in inducible IL-1β expression between the groups. Macrophages isolated from stressed fish also showed significantly decreased survival when exposed to A. salmonicida. This study shows a clear pattern from repeated handling stress, whereby effects on immune cells begin with increased constitutive expression of IL-1β, followed by decreased stimulation of leucocytes by extracellular antigen, and finally decreased leukocyte survival when exposed to A. salmonicida. The implications of these changes in the immune system will be discussed with respect to the use of classical indicators of stress to predict possible effects on the immune system of fish. Peer reviewed: Yes NRC publication: Yes |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fast, Mark D. Hosoya, Sho Johnson, Stewart C. Afonso, Luis O.B. |
author_facet |
Fast, Mark D. Hosoya, Sho Johnson, Stewart C. Afonso, Luis O.B. |
author_sort |
Fast, Mark D. |
title |
Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
title_short |
Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
title_full |
Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
title_fullStr |
Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
title_sort |
cortisol response and immune-related effects of atlantic salmon (salmo salar linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=7a18af17-d806-449a-8135-ce1797b36220 https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=7a18af17-d806-449a-8135-ce1797b36220 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
issn:1050-4648 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume: 24, Issue: 2, Publication date: 2008-02-01, Pages: 194–204 doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009 |
container_title |
Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
container_volume |
24 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
194 |
op_container_end_page |
204 |
_version_ |
1766362868156989440 |