20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean
The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compo...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10394/18806 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
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ftnorthwestuniv:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/18806 2023-05-15T15:00:37+02:00 20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean Jantunen, Liisa M. Kylin, Henrik Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Helm, Paul A. 27256839 - Kylin, Johan Henrik 2015 http://hdl.handle.net/10394/18806 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 en eng ACS Jantunen, L.L. et al. 2015. 20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the. Environmental science & technology, 49:13844–13852. [http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag] 0013-936X 1520-5851 (Online) http://hdl.handle.net/10394/18806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 Article 2015 ftnorthwestuniv https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 2019-06-04T13:12:58Z The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compounds determined in both air and water were trans- and cischlordanes (TC, CC), trans- and cis-nonachlors (TN, CN), heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX), dieldrin (DIEL), chlorobornanes (ΣCHBs and toxaphene), dacthal (DAC), endosulfans and metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ENDO-I, ENDO-II, and ENDO SUL), chlorothalonil (CHT), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and trifluralin (TFN). Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB and quintozene) and its soil metabolite pentachlorothianisole (PCTA) were also found in air. Concentrations of most OCPs declined in surface water, whereas some CUPs increased (ENDO-I, CHT, and TFN) or showed no significant change (CPF and DAC), and most compounds declined in air. Chlordane compound fractions TC/(TC + CC) and TC/(TC + CC + TN) decreased in water and air, while CC/(TC + CC + TN) increased. TN/(TC + CC + TN) also increased in air and slightly, but not significantly, in water. These changes suggest selective removal of more labile TC and/or a shift in chlordane sources. Water−air fugacity ratios indicated net volatilization (FR > 1.0) or near equilibrium (FR not significantly different from 1.0) for most OCPs but net deposition (FR < 1.0) for ΣCHBs. Net deposition was shown for ENDO-I on all expeditions, while the net exchange direction of other CUPs varied. Understanding the processes and current state of air−surface exchange helps to interpret environmental exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of international protocols and provides insights for the environmental fate of new and emerging chemicals Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean North-West University, South Africa: Boloka (NWU-IR) Arctic Arctic Ocean Environmental Science & Technology 49 23 13844 13852 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
North-West University, South Africa: Boloka (NWU-IR) |
op_collection_id |
ftnorthwestuniv |
language |
English |
description |
The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compounds determined in both air and water were trans- and cischlordanes (TC, CC), trans- and cis-nonachlors (TN, CN), heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX), dieldrin (DIEL), chlorobornanes (ΣCHBs and toxaphene), dacthal (DAC), endosulfans and metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ENDO-I, ENDO-II, and ENDO SUL), chlorothalonil (CHT), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and trifluralin (TFN). Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB and quintozene) and its soil metabolite pentachlorothianisole (PCTA) were also found in air. Concentrations of most OCPs declined in surface water, whereas some CUPs increased (ENDO-I, CHT, and TFN) or showed no significant change (CPF and DAC), and most compounds declined in air. Chlordane compound fractions TC/(TC + CC) and TC/(TC + CC + TN) decreased in water and air, while CC/(TC + CC + TN) increased. TN/(TC + CC + TN) also increased in air and slightly, but not significantly, in water. These changes suggest selective removal of more labile TC and/or a shift in chlordane sources. Water−air fugacity ratios indicated net volatilization (FR > 1.0) or near equilibrium (FR not significantly different from 1.0) for most OCPs but net deposition (FR < 1.0) for ΣCHBs. Net deposition was shown for ENDO-I on all expeditions, while the net exchange direction of other CUPs varied. Understanding the processes and current state of air−surface exchange helps to interpret environmental exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of international protocols and provides insights for the environmental fate of new and emerging chemicals |
author2 |
27256839 - Kylin, Johan Henrik |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jantunen, Liisa M. Kylin, Henrik Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Helm, Paul A. |
spellingShingle |
Jantunen, Liisa M. Kylin, Henrik Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Helm, Paul A. 20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
author_facet |
Jantunen, Liisa M. Kylin, Henrik Wong, Fiona Gawor, Anya Helm, Paul A. |
author_sort |
Jantunen, Liisa M. |
title |
20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
20 years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the western arctic ocean |
publisher |
ACS |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10394/18806 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_relation |
Jantunen, L.L. et al. 2015. 20 Years of air-water gas exchange observations for pesticides in the. Environmental science & technology, 49:13844–13852. [http://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag] 0013-936X 1520-5851 (Online) http://hdl.handle.net/10394/18806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01303 |
container_title |
Environmental Science & Technology |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
13844 |
op_container_end_page |
13852 |
_version_ |
1766332701933043712 |